•Studies on the impact of geomechanical properties on heat extraction in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are reviewed.

•The most critical influence is summarized and highlighted using two working fluids: water and CO₂.

•Efficient geothermal energy extraction in EGS/CO₂-EGS is affected by a complex hydraulically induced fracture network.

•Thermo-mechanical interactions are complex and induce varying alterations of mechanical response in EGS.

•Waterless-stimulated EGS is proposed as an alternative approach to improve heat energy extraction in EGS.

•Progress in the use of Artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies is presented in detail.

•Geophysical data analysis is the most notable AI application.

•Neural networks are the most-used AI technique across geothermal exploration groups.

•Challenges and recommendations for future research using AI are provided.

•Large-scale AI applications are reasonably novel in geothermal exploration.

•Recent machine learning/deep learning advancements in geothermal development up to 2024.

•Case studies are presented on AI’s practical impact in seismic detection and reservoir engineering.

•AI application trends in geothermal energy from 2000 to 2024 are analyzed.

•Future AI integration into geothermal drilling and production is explored.

•In this study, the geothermal potential in Morocco is assessed.

•The current state of geothermal development, encompassing the existing status and Moroccan legal regulations related to Renewable Energy, is examined.

•The challenges and opportunities associated with the development of geothermal energy in Morocco are analyzed.

•Recommendations are provided for improved guidance and development in both Power Generation and Direct-Use aspects.

•This article summarizes the existing methods and mainstream working fluids for hot dry rock (HDR) reservoir stimulation.

•This article delves into a detailed discussion on the influence of well and fracture network layout and HDR fracturing parameters on the thermal extraction efficiency of enhanced geothermal system (EGS).

•The article suggests that future research efforts should focus on investigating the impact of thermo-induced stresses on the stability of the artificial fracture network within the EGS during long-term (>30 years) circulation of hot and cold fluids.

•A novel thermal stress loading technology is proposed for hot dry rock mechanics tests in which thermal stress is generated by thermal expansion materials due to temperature change.

•Compared to mechanical loading, thermal stress loading is expected to reduce equipment investment, especially in high-temperature rock mechanics testing.

•The thermal stress loading approach can achieve both isotropic loading and anisotropic loading by adjusting the expansion material and temperature configuration.

•Audio magnetotelluric sounding technology (AMT) data are creatively introduced into controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric method data processing to aid in correcting and inverting constraints on near-field and transition field curves.

•The new data processing method has effectively improved inversion accuracy and depth without increasing the computational time, and shows better ability to reflect deep structures and strata.

•The successful outflow of geothermal wells indicates high reliability in the comprehensive interpretation of resistivity and wave velocity.

•Operational strategy affects the performance of deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE).

•Correlation between thermal energy extraction and power output.

•Longer operating time increases thermal energy extraction, shorter thermal power output.

•Strategic regeneration of DBHE improves performance.

•DBHE fits urban heating yielding up to a few GWh a year heat per hole in Finland.

•The long-distance well placement has a longer heat transfer path and absorbs more heat; the higher the mass flow rate, the larger the expansion range.

•Long-distance well locations can improve production efficiency; short-distance well locations can reduce the heat transfer area, which will reduce the impact on the reservoir stress field.

•The increase in mass flow rate will reduce the outlet temperature of the production well but increase the total amount of heat energy absorbed by the reservoir.

•Geothermal energy production can release naturally occurring carbon dioxide.

•Calcic plagioclase-rich andesite samples release increased divalent ions.

•Higher plagioclase content in samples correlates with elevated buffering capacity.

•Occurrence of secondary Al-containing mineral formation is likely.

•Andesite dissolution rate is 10–100 times slower than that of basalt.