An Integrated Physical Regulation Theory and Classification of Acute Tinnitus

Abstract

Tinnitus, acute or chronic, is one of the most common and refractory disorders. Acute tinnitus is a symptom that is a warning sign when compared with chronic tinnitus. Although hearing loss initiates acute tinnitus, the relationship between hearing loss and tinnitus is far from straightforward. Other factors beyond the auditory system may play important roles in the occurrence of acute tinnitus. To address this issue, we propose an integrated regulation theory of the possible physical causes of acute tinnitus, and summarize a classification system for acute tinnitus based on this regulation theory to help guide clinical treatment.

Keywords

acute tinnitus / hearing loss / non-auditory system / classification

References

[1] RffC, MazurekB, HaiderH, et al.. A multidisciplinary European guideline for tinnitus: diagnostics, assessment, and treatment. HNO, 2019, 67(Suppl1): 10-42

[2] RauscheckerJP, MayES, MaudouxA, et al.. Frontostriatal Gating of Tinnitus and Chronic Pain. Trends Cogn Sci, 2015, 19(10): 567-578

[3] HwangJH, TsaiSJ, LiuTC, et al.. Association of Tinnitus and Other Cochlear Disorders with a History of Migraines. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2018, 144(8): 712-717

[4] LaiJT, LiuCL, LiuTC. Hormone replacement therapy for chronic tinnitus in menopausal women: Our experience with 13 cases. Clin Otolaryngol, 2017, 42(6): 1366-1369

[5] LaiJT, ShenPH, LinCY, et al.. Higher prevalence and increased severity of sleep-disordered breathing in male patients with chronic tinnitus: Our experience with 173 cases. Clin Otolaryngol, 2018, 43(2): 722-725

[6] ChenNS, ZhaoYX, MaX, et al.. Advances in the relevance of laryngopharyngeal reflux and tinnitus. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi (Chinese), 2019, 54(7): 554-557

[7] DelBL, FortiS, AmbrosettiU, et al.. Tinnitus aurium in persons with normal hearing: 55 years later. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2008, 139(3): 391-394

[8] TunkelDE, BauerCA, SunGH, et al.. Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2014, 151(2Suppl): S1-S40

[9] SchreiberBE, AgrupC, HaskardDO, et al.. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Lancet, 2010, 375(9721): 1203-1211

[10] HanL, MaR, WuXQ, et al.. Relevant factors of tinnitus in the elderly: an analysis of 150 volunteers. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi (Chinese), 2018, 32(8): 587-591