Polymorphism of OAS2 rs739901 C/A Involves the Susceptibility to EV71 Infection in Chinese Children

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5,-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection. We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases). The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes. In EV71-infected patients, the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007), A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95% CI 1.0–1.7, P=0.034) and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5′-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls, but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases. In EV71-infected patients, the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA). Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases, the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences. IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs. control group, P<0.01; encephalitis group vs. control group, P<0.01;). In encephalitis cases, IFN-γ levels were reduced (P<0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype, however, there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226). These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5′-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection, and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.

Keywords

enterovirus-71 infection / OAS2 rs739901 C/A / polymorphism

References

[1] ZhangY, ZhuZ, YangW, et al.. An emerging recombinant human enterovirus 71 responsible for the 2008 outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease in Fuyang city of China. Virol J, 2010, 7: 94

[2] YiL, LuJ, KungHF, et al.. The virology and developments toward control of human enterovirus 71. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2011, 37(4): 313-327

[3] McMirniPC. An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2002, 26(1): 91-107

[4] WangSM, LiuCC. Enterovirus 71: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2009, 7(6): 735-742

[5] OoiMH, WongSC, LewthwaiteP, et al.. Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71. Lancet Neurol, 2010, 9(11): 1097-1105

[6] ZhangY, TanXJ, WangHY, et al.. An outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with subgenotype C4 of human enterovirus 71 in Shandong, China. J Clin Virol, 2009, 44(4): 262-267

[7] DingNZ, WangXM, SunSW, et al.. Appearance of mosaic enterovirus 71 in the 2008 outbreak of China. Virus Res, 2009, 145(1): 157-161

[8] TadokoroR, OkumuraA, NakazawaT, et al.. Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Brain Dev, 2010, 32(6): 477-481

[9] YoneyamaM, FujitaT. RIG-I: critical regulator for virus-induced innate immunity. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso, 2004, 49(16): 2571-2578

[10] LooYM, GaleM. Immune signaling by RIG-I-like receptors. Immunity, 2011, 34(5): 680-692

[11] LeungS, QureshiSA, KerrIM, et al.. Role of STAT2 in the alpha interferon signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol, 1995, 15(3): 1312-1317

[12] PravicaV, PerreyC, StevensA, et al.. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the first intron of the human IFN-gamma gene: absolute correlation with a polymorphic CA microsatellite marker of high IFNgamma production. Hum Immunol, 2000, 61(9): 863-866

[13] SadlerAJ, WilliamsBR. Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors. Nat Rev Immunol, 2008, 8(7): 559-568

[14] SarkarSN, SenGC. Novel functions of proteins encoded by viral stress-inducible genes. Pharmacol Ther, 2004, 103(3): 245-259

[15] SamuelMA, WhitbyK, KellerBC, et al.. PKR and RNase L contribute to protection against lethal West Nile Virus infection by controlling early viral spread in the periphery and replication in neurons. J Virol, 2006, 80(14): 7009-7019

[16] GaleM, FoyEM. Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis С virus. Nature, 2005, 436(7053): 939-945

[17] HovanessianAG. On the discovery of interferoninducible, double-stranded RNA activated enzymes: the 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetases and the protein kinase PKR. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2007, 18(5–6): 351-361

[18] Floyd-SmithG, SlatteryE, LengyelP. Interferon action: RNA cleavage pattern of a (2′–5′) oligoadenylate—dependent endonuclease. Science, 1981, 212(4498): 1030-1032

[19] BréhinAC, CasadémontI, FrenkielMP, et al.. The large form of human 2, 5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase (OAS3) exerts antiviral effect against Chikungunya virus. Virology, 2009, 384(1): 216-222

[20] ChebathJ, BenechP, RevelM, et al.. Constitutive expression of (2,–5, ) oligo A synthetase confers resistance to Picornavirus infection. Nature, 1987, 330(6148): 587-588

[21] MarquesJ, AnwarJ, Eskildsen-LarsenS, et al.. The p59 oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein possesses antiviral activity thatrequires the C-terminal ubiquitinlike domain. J Gen Virol, 2008

[22] CaiY, ChenQ, ZhouW, et al.. Association analysis of polymorphisms in OAS1 with susceptibility and severity of hand, foot and mouth disease. Int J Immunogenet, 2014, 41(5): 384-392

[23] TanY, YangT, LiuP, et al.. Association of the OAS3 rsl859330 G/A genetic polymorphism with severity of enterovirus-71 infection in Chinese Han children. Arch Virol, 2017, 162(8): 2305-2313

[24] China MoHotPRo.. A guidebook of HFMD diagnosis and treatment (2010 edition). Int J Respir, 2010, 30(24): 1473-1475

[25] WangX, ZhuC, BaoW, et al.. Characterization of full-length enterovirus 71 strains from severe and mild disease patients in northeastern China. PLoS One, 2012, 7(3): e32405

[26] LvT, LiJ, HanZ, et al.. Association of interleukin-17F gene polymorphism with enterovirus 71 encephalitis in patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Inflammation, 2013, 36(4): 977-981

[27] HuJ, ChenZ, LiuX, et al.. Association of CPTII gene with risk of acute encephalitis in Chinese children. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2014, 33(10): 1077-1082

[28] LiJA, ChenZB, LvTG, et al.. Genetic polymorphism of CCL2-2518, CXCL10-201, IL8+781 and susceptibility to severity of Enterovirus-71 infection in a Chinese population. Inflamm Res, 2014, 63(7): 549-556

[29] YangJ, ZhaoN, SuNL, et al.. Association of interleukin 10 and interferon gamma gene polymorphisms with enterovirus 71 encephalitis in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease. Scand J Infect Dis, 2012, 44(6): 465-469

[30] LiF, LiuXP, LiJA, et al.. Correlation of an interleukin-4 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to severe enterovirus 71 infection in Chinese children. Arch Virol, 2015, 160(4): 1035-1042

[31] YuanA, LiJ, LiuP, et al.. Association of interleukin-6-572C/G gene polymorphism and serum or cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 level with enterovirus 71 encephalitis in Chinese Han patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Inflammation, 2015, 38(2): 728-735

[32] LiJ, LinA, YuC, et al.. Association of enterovirus 71 encephalitis with the interleukin-8 gene region in Chinese children. Infect Dis (Lond), 2015, 47(6): 418-422

[33] HanZL, LiJA, ChenZB. Genetic polymorphism of CCL2-2510 and susceptibility to enterovirus 71 encephalitis in a Chinese population. Arch Virol, 2014, 159(9): 2503-2507

[34] ZhouH, GuoSZ, ZhouH, et al.. Clinical characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Harbin and the prediction of severe cases. Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125: 1261-1265

[35] WangSM, LeiHY, YuCK, et al.. Acute chemokine response in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children with enterovirus 71-associated brainstem encephalitis. J Infect Dis, 2008, 198(7): 1002-1006