Evaluation of Ion Release from Four Dental Sealants

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the ion release from four commercially available pit-and-fissure sealants [3M Clinpro, 3M Concise™, BeautiSealant (BS), and GI FX-II)]. With each brand, 18 specimens were prepared. Their fluoride release in de-ionized water was measured by fluoride electrode, while the release of silicate (Si), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and phosphorus (P) was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The result showed that fluoride was not released from 3M Concise™. GI FX-II displayed the largest fluoride release, which, however, dropped rapidly on day 3. 3M Clinpro exhibited less fluoride release than GI FX-II and BS did. At any time during the 28-day experimental period, GI FX-II released more Na than the other sealants (P<0.001). BS ranked the second in Na release, and a small amount of Na ions was released from the 3M Clinpro and 3M Concise™ samples. Al ions were only detected from BS and GI FX-II, but not from the 3M Clinpro and 3M Concise™. Additionally GI FX-II had the largest Si release among the four brands at any time during the experimental period (P<0.001). Ca ions were detected from 3M Clinpro and 3M Concise™, but not from GI FX-II. BS released more Sr than the other sealants at any time during the experimental period (P<0.001). All the samples released similar amounts of P continuously during these 28 days. In conclusion, based on the type and the amount of ion release, BS is the best pit-and-fissure sealant among the four brands.

Keywords

ion release / dental sealant

References

[1] YoungDA, NovyBB, ZellerGG, et al.. American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. The American Dental Association Caries Classification System for clinical practice: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. JADA, 2015, 146(2): 79-86

[2] TellezM, GraySL, GrayS, et al.. Sealants and dental caries: dentists' perspectives on evidence-based recommendations. JADA, 2011, 142(9): 1033-1040

[3] ClarkMB, SlaytonRL, SeguraA, et al.. Fluoride use in caries prevention in the primary care setting. Pediatrics, 2014, 134(3): 626-633

[4] BeauchampJ, CaufieldPW, CrallJJ, et al.. American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. Evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. JADA, 2008, 139(3): 257-268

[5] TinanoffN. Introduction to the conference: innovations in the prevention and management of early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent, 2015, 37(3): 198-199

[6] Ahovuo-SalorantaA, ForssH, WalshT. Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017

[7] WrightJT, CrallJJ, MargheritaF, et al.. Evidencebased clinical practice guideline for the use of pitand-fissure sealants. JADA, 2016, 147(8): 672-682

[8] LiuBY, LoEC, ChuCH, et al.. Randomized trial on fluorides and sealants for fissure caries prevention. J Dent Res, 2012, 91(8): 753-758

[9] ChestnuttIG, PlayleR, HutchingsS, et al.. Fissure seal or fluoride vanish? A randomized trial of relative effectiveness. J Dent Res, 2017, 96(7): 754-761

[10] BuonocoreMG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res, 1955, 34(6): 849-853

[11] BowenRL. Method of preparing a monomer having phenoxy and methacrylate groups linked by hydroxyl glycerol groups. US Patent, 1965, 179(3): 623-626

[12] KramerN, SchmidtM, LiickerS, et al.. Glass ionomer cement inhibits secondary caries in an in vitro biofilm model. Clin Oral Investig, 2018, 22(2): 1019-1031

[13] AnusaviceKJ, ShenC, RawlsHR. Phillips' science of dental materials, 2013, St. Louis, MO, Elsevier/Saunder: 637

[14] WassonEA, NicholsonJW. A study of the relationship between the setting chemistry and properties of modified glass poly (alkenonate) cements. J British Polymer, 1990, 23(1-2): 179-183

[15] CochraneNJ, SaranathanS, CaiF, et al.. Enamel subsurface lesion remineralization with casein phosphopetide stabilized solutions of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Caries Res, 2008, 42(2): 88-97

[16] Loyola-RodriguezJP, Garcia-GodoyF. Antibacterial activity of fluoride release sealants on mutans streptococci. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 1996, 20(2): 109-111

[17] EvansA, LeishmanSJ, WalshLJ, et al.. Inhibitory effects of children's toothpastes on streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguinis and lactobacillus acidophilus. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2015, 16(2): 219-226

[18] KagaM, KakudaS, IdaY, et al.. Inhibition of enamel demineralization by buffering effect of S-PRG filler-containing dental sealant. Eur J Oral Sci, 2014, 122(1): 78-83

[19] BillingtonRW, WilliamsJA, PearsonGJ. Ion processes in glass ionomer cements. J Dent, 2006, 34(8): 544-555

[20] MallakhBF, SarkarNK. Fluoride released from glass-ionomer cements in de-ionized water and artificial saliva. Dent Mater, 1990, 6(2): 118-22

[21] FeigalRJ, DonlyKJ. The use of pit and fissure sealant. Pediatr Dent, 2006, 28(2): 143-150

[22] HicksMJ, FlaitzCM, Garcia-GodoyF. Fluoridereleasing sealant and caries-like enamel lesion formation in vitro. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2000, 24(3): 215-219

[23] HicksJ, Garcia-GodoyF, DonlyK, et al.. Fluoridereleasing restorative materials and secondary caries. Den Clinc North Am, 2002, 46(2): 247-276

[24] UpadhyayS, RaoA, ShennoyR. Comparison of the amount of fluoride release from nanofilled resin modified resin glass ionomer, conventional and resin modified glass ionomer cements. J Dent, 2013, 10(2): 134-140

[25] SuljakJP, Hatibovic-KofmanS. A fluoride releaseabsorption-release system applied to fluoridereleasing restorative materials. Quintessence Int, 1996, 27(9): 635-638

[26] Selimovic-DragasM, Hašic-BrankovicL, KoracF, et al.. In vitro fluoride release from a different kind of conventional and resin modified glass-ionomer cements. Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2013, 13(3): 197-202

[27] ForstenL. Fluoride release and uptake by glass ionomer and related materials and its clinical effect. Biomaterials, 1998, 19(6): 503-508

[28] AttarN, TurgutMD. Fluoride release and uptake capacities of fluoride-releasing restorative materials. Oper Dent, 2003, 28(4): 395-402

[29] GuiY, ZhaoX, LiS, et al.. Fluoride release and recharge properties of six restorative materials. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi (Chinese), 2015, 50(1): 28-32

[30] AttarN, OnenA. Fluoride release and uptake characteristics of aesthetic restorative materials. J Oral Rehabil, 2002, 29(8): 791-798

[31] OkteZ, BayrakS, FidanciUR, et al.. Fluoride and aluminum release from restorative materials using ion chromatography. JAppl Oral Sci, 2012, 20(1): 27-31

[32] HayaclbaraMF, RosaOP, KooH, et al.. Effects of fluoride and aluminum from ionomeric materials on S. mutans biofilm. J Dent Res, 2003, 82(4): 267-271

[33] GjorgievskaE, NicholsonJW, GjorgovskiI, et al.. Aluminium and fluoride release into artificial saliva from dental restoratives placed in teeth. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2008, 19(10): 3163-3167

[34] SouzaJC, SlivaJB, AladimA, et al.. Effect of zirconia and alumina fillers on the microstructure and mechanical strength of dental glass ionomer cements. J Open Dent, 2016, 15(10): 58-68

[35] YangS P Y, KimSM, et al.. Acid neutralizing, mechanical and physical properties of pit and fissure sealants containing melt-derived 45S5 bioactive glass. Dent Mater, 2013, 29(12): 1228-1235

[36] NgoHC, MountG M, IntyreJ, et al.. Chemical exchange between glass-ionomer restorations and residual carious dentine in permanent molars: an in vivo study. J Dent, 2006, 34(8): 608-613

[37] ShimazuK, OgataK Karibe. Evaluation of the ionreleasing and recharging abilities of resin-based fissure sealant containing S-PRG filler. J Dent Mater, 2011, 30(6): 923-927

[38] Panzeri Pires-de-Souza FdeC, SilveiraRE, AbunaG, et al.. Morphology of sealant/enamel interface after surface treatment with bioactive glass. Morphology Res Tech, 2015, 78(12): 1062-1068

[39] ShimazuK, OgataK Karibe. Evaluation of the ionreleasing and recharging abilities of resin-based fissure sealant containing S-PRG filler. J Dent Mater, 2011, 30(6): 923-927

[40] GrffinSG, HillRG. Influence of glass composition on the properties of glass polyalkenoate cements. Part II. Influence of phosphate content. Biomaterials, 2000, 21(4): 399-440