Dracorhodin perchlorate suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell line PC-3

Abstract

The growth inhibition and pro-apoptosis effects of dracorhodin perchlorate on human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line were examined. After administration of 10–80 μmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate for 12–48 h, cell viability of PC-3 cells was measured by MTT colorimetry. Cell proliferation ability was detected by colony formation assay. Cellular apoptosis was inspected by acridine orange-ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining, and flow cytometry (FCM) with annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide dual staining. The results showed that dracorhodin perchlorate inhibited the growth of PC-3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IC50 of dracorhodin perchlorate on PC-3 cells at 24 h was 40.18 μmol/L. Cell clone formation rate was decreased by 86% after treatment with 20 μmol/L of dracorhodin perchlorate. Some cells presented the characteristic apoptotic changes. The cellular apoptotic rates induced by 10–40 μmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate for 24 h were 8.43% to 47.71% respectively. It was concluded that dracorhodin perchlorate significantly inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of the cells.

Keywords

dracorhodin perchlorate / prostate cancer / proliferation / apoptosis

References

[1] KhanN., AdhamiV.M., MukhtarH.. Apoptosis by dietary agents for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2010, 17(1): R39-R52

[2] LippmanS.M., KleinE.A., GoodmanP.J., et al.. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA, 2009, 301(1): 39-51

[3] TsaiC.H., LinF.M., YangY.C., et al.. Herbal extract of Wedelia chinensis attenuates androgen receptor activity and orthotopic growth of prostate cancer in nude mice. Clin Cancer Res, 2009, 15(17): 5435-5444

[4] MengY., TangW., DaiY., et al.. Natural BH3 mimetic (-)-gossypol chemosensitizes human prostate cancer via Bcl-xL inhibition accompanied by increase of Puma and Noxa. Mol Cancer Ther, 2008, 7(7): 2192-2202

[5] FengS., TangQ., SunM., et al.. Interleukin-6 increases prostate cancer cells resistance to bicalutamide via TIF2. Mol Cancer Ther, 2009, 8(3): 665-671

[6] XiaM., WangD., WangM., et al.. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces apoptosis via activation of caspases and generation of reactive oxygen species. J Pharmacol Sci, 2004, 95(2): 273-283

[7] ShiJ., HuR., LuY., et al.. Single-step purification of dracorhodin from dragon’s blood resin of Daemonorops draco using high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with pH modulation. J Sep Sci, 2009, 32(23–24): 4040-4047

[8] XiaM.Y., WangM.W., CuiZ., et al.. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2006, 8(4): 335-343

[9] XiaM., WangM., TashiroS., et al.. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces A375-S2 cell apoptosis via accumulation of p53 and activation of caspases. Biol Pharm Bull, 2005, 28(2): 226-232

[10] WangW.D., XuX.M., ChenY., et al.. Apoptosis of human Burkitt’s lymphoma cells induced by 2-N, N-diethylamino carbonyloxymethyl-1-diphenylmethyl-4-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoyl) piperazine hydrochloride (PMS-1077). Arch Pharm Res, 2009, 32(12): 1727-1736

[11] BerezovskayaO., SchimmerA.D., GlinskiiA.B., et al.. Increased expression of apoptosis inhibitor protein XIAP contributes to anoikis resistance of circulating human prostate cancer metastasis precursor cells. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(6): 2378-2386

[12] PowolnyA.A., SinghS.V.. Plumbagin-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is associated with modulation of cellular redox status and generation of reactive oxygen species. Pharm Res, 2008, 25(9): 2171-2180

[13] LazzeM.C., SavioM., PizzalaR., et al.. Anthocyanins induce cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis in different human cell lines. Carcinogenesis, 2004, 25(8): 1427-1433

[14] HouD.X., KaiK., LiJ.J., et al.. Anthocyanidins inhibit activator protein 1 activity and cell transformation: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms. Carcinogenesis, 2004, 25(1): 29-36

[15] LamyS., BeaulieuE., LabbeD., et al.. Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin, inhibits platelet-derived growth factor ligand/receptor (PDGF/PDGFR) signaling. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29(5): 1033-1041

[16] HafeezB.B., SiddiquiI.A., AsimM., et al.. A dietary anthocyanidin delphinidin induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC3 cells in vitro and in vivo: involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. Cancer Res, 2008, 68(20): 8564-8572

[17] ReddivariL., VanamalaJ., ChintharlapalliS., et al.. Anthocyanin fraction from potato extracts is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells through activation of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Carcinogenesis, 2007, 28(10): 2227-2235

[18] KhanN., AfaqF., MukhtarH.. Apoptosis by dietary factors: the suicide solution for delaying cancer growth. Carcinogenesis, 2007, 28(2): 233-239