This work revealed for the first time that SnO@SnO2 heterojunction (SnOx, 1<x<2) could act as a novel and powerful electrochemiluminescence (ECL) co-reactant. Heterojunction-containing SnO@SnO2 nanostructures (ca. 20 nm) capped with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) were uniformly produced by MSA-etching tin nanoparticles, and could be spontaneously self-assembled into large-sized (ca. 200 nm), well-dispersed, uniform, and spherical nanoparticles (SnO@SnO2-MSA SANs). The synthesized SnO@SnO2-MSA SANs could act as a highly efficient co-reactant for the Ru(bpy)32+ ECL system, outperforming the conventional co-reactant tri-n-propylamine (TPrA). It was revealed that the high co-reactant activity of SnO@SnO2 did not originate from SnO or SnO2 alone, but from the heterojunction of SnO@SnO2 (i.e., SnOx, 1<x<2). The SnOx heterojunction acted as a strong co-reactant, initiating highly energetic electron-transfer with the electrogenerated Ru(bpy)33+ and emitting strong ECL. Utilizing the abundant negative surface charges of SnO@SnO2-MSA SANs, Ru(bpy)32+ complexes were successfully loaded via electrostatic adsorption to construct self-enhanced ECL nanocomposites, i.e., SnO@SnO2-MSA SANs@Ru(bpy)32+. The composites exhibited highly efficient anodic ECL emission peaking at 618 nm without requiring any exogenous species. The nanoscale integration of Ru(bpy)32+ luminophores and SnO@SnO2-MSA SAN co-reactants shortens the electron-transfer pathway and thus improves the interfacial ECL reaction efficiency.
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