- Dear gentlemen, first of all, let me thank youfor finding time to visit our symposium. We conductsuch events on an annual basis, but this is the firsttime it covers issues in the field of hematology.You are well-known top specialists. Why did youagree to participate and give lectures.

Bilateral exchange with blood cells and cell-free substancesbetween a mother and a fetus and visa verse routinely occursduring normal pregnancy. A term of microchimerism (MC)implies a few number of cells (or DNA) detected in a child and/or a mother which primarily originated in a genetically differentindividual. Whereas MC might result from iatrogenic exposureon an organism such as transplantation or transfusion, themain source of MC is a naturally acquired condition as aresult of transplacental interactions between a mother anda fetus during pregnancy. The present interest to MC canbe explained by many reasons. During pregnancy fetal cellscan be found in a mothers blood in prenatal diagnostics.Moreover, investigation of fetal MC might elucidate somecomplications due to pregnancy such as preeclampsia, orgive a new insight into pathogenesis of autoimmune diseasessuch as rheumatoid arthritis, whose clinical manifestationsubsides during pregnancy. Furthermore, it is known atpresent that MC retains for a long time after a child deliverywhere it occurs both with fetal MC acquired by the womanduring pregnancy and with maternal MC in her descendants.Investigations of long-term effects of fetal and maternal MCis a novel, active research, its results indicate both favourableand unfavourable long-term effects of MC.The present article is a review of available data on maternalor, to be more precise, maternal-fetal microchimerism anddescribed or experimentally proposed its consequences.

Gaining current experimental data a major concept onfibroblasts, the main cells of loose and dense connectivetissue, undergoes significant changes moving away off classicalconcepts. Considering fibroblasts as a true phenotypiccategory we tried to address most challenging issues relatingto definition of a fibroblast differon, cellular sources of theircytogenesis, histophysiology, their ageing changes in terms ofinfluence on possible clinical use.

Mesenchymal stem cells play different roles in organismand are capable to differentiate into mesenchymal cells line(osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes) and other cell lines.MSCs also can interact (directly and indirectly) with almostall cells of immune system via soluble factors and cell-contactinteractions and substantially modulate immune response ofan organism. MSCs can be applied in medical practice as thesafe immunosuppressive agent for allogenic transplantationand for treatment of autoimmune diseases. This reviewdeals with interactions between MSCs and immune cells andmechanisms of MSC-induced immunosuppression.

Induced pluripotent stem cells are able for infinite selfrenewaland differentiation into all types of cells. The review isfocused on modern methods and approaches to create modelsof human diseases based on human induced pluripotent stemcells, recent advances and prospects in this area, as wellas the application of such models to study human diseases.

The method for obtaining activated in vitro by poly A:Uautologous leucocytes from peripheral blood for cornealdiseases treatment is developed. Method allows us to obtaina product with sufficient content of viable nucleated cells (upto 3106 cell/ml). Cellular composition of the product wasdetermined. Mononuclear fraction decreased in 1,3 times andgranulocyte portion is increased. Phenotype of lymphocytesin the cell product is the same as in peripheral blood, withselective loss of B-lymphocytes. The presence of CD14+/34lowcells, which are considered to be progenitors, is defined in theproduct. Using of cell product, obtained by designed technique,may be promising in clinic, because of it minimal traumatismfor the patient and simplicity.

The aim of the work was to assess TGF в, VEGF-C andGM-CSF concentrations in the serum of rats after postinfarctintramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells.Myocardial infarction was simulated by the criodestructionof the left ventricular anterior wall. Mesenchymal stemcells were derived from rat bone marrow and injected intomyocardium 21 days after the crioinjury. The levels of TGF в,VEGF-C and GM-CSF were measured at 3, 7 and 14 days. Thesynthetic activity of the transplanted cells to these growthfactors in vitro was also measured. It was shown that theadministration of mesenchymal cells leads to an increasedlevel of TGF в in the peripheral blood. The maximum TGF вconcentration was observed on Day 7 after transplantation.Despite the intensive synthesis of VEGF-C and GM-CSF bymesenchymal cells in vitro, they do not demonstrate asignificant effect on the level of the studied growth factors inthe peripheral blood.

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) of bone marrow(BM) origin not only provide the supportive microenvironmentalniche for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but are also capableof differentiating into various cell types of mesenchymalorigin, such as bone, fat, and cartilage. The role is knownfor bone marrow-derived MSCs in reducing the incidence andseverity of graft-versus host disease (GVHD) during allogeneictransplantation. Purpose: to estimate quality and biologicalsafety the MSC of bone marrow for the transplantation.Were analyzed data expansion MSC of 94 BM at the Stem CellBank of Moscow between 2007 and 2010 on the registeredmedical technologies. MSC were revealed in the native formor frozen in liquid nitrogen. Quality, MSC was evaluated withof the bacteriological and virusological control; determinedthe viability of cells with the trypan blue and 7AAD; markersthat specifically identifies MSCs: CD73+; CD 90+; CD105+;CD45-; CD34-; CD14; CD133-; CD19-; HLA DR- by flowcytometry. The biological safety (karyotype) was analyzed byG-banding technique; 15-30 metaphase cells for each culturewere analyzed. To analyze the level aneuploidy, fluorescent insitu hybridization (FISH) with chromosome enumeration probes(CEP) studies was performed. Are developed the documents,which regulate the stages of the work of expansion MSC ofBM. Were prepared 71 MSC of BM (157 doses) and wereused for allogeneic transplantation 23 to patients (70doses MSC) for the purpose of adherence HSC, reducingthe incidence and severity of GVHD. In the majority of thecases of transplantation MSC it was carried out at thedose of 2 ×106/kg. There were no acute reactions during thetransplantation MSC BM. Thus, the estimation of quality andsafety MSC of BM for allogeneic transplantation, included: aconducting of documentation on GMP to standards, inspectionof a quantity of cells for achievement of optimum dose,bacteriological and virusological control, confirmation themarkers that specifically identifies MSCs and the estimationof biological safety.

An affect of relief features and quantitative parametersof model mineral matrix on in vitro structure-functionalstatus of human lung prenatal stromal cells (HLPSC) andin vivo remodeling of mice bone/marrow system has beenstudied. According to data established, rough (Ra > 2 m)implants with calcium phosphate micro-arc coatings simulatethree-dimensional state of regenerating bone matrix. Suchsurfaces have own structure-functional sites (microregions)which were named by niche - relief and were necessaryfor maturation and differentiation of HLPSC to secretingosteoblasts. Maximum remodeling of mice bone/marrowsystem in heterotopic test in vivo was also observed underoptimal parameters of osteogenic niche in vitro (approximately43% average index of cellular alkaline phosphatase squareto artificial microregion area). A probable cell-molecularmechanism of influence experimental 3D-modeling of bonesurface on selection of quiescent or active state by endostealniche has been detected. It connects with activating cellularproduction of bone matrix components (alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin, collagen, calcium phosphates) that dissociatedimensionally stromal and hemopoietic elements, and withparallel diminishing TNF secretion in intercellular medium.The data obtained develop our previous speculations aboutexistence and sizes of artificial endosteal niche for osteogenicdifferentiation of multipotent mesenchimal stromal cells.

Produced from «Bioplastotan» resorbing polyesters (linearpolyesters of hydroxyl derivatives alkanoic acids) scaffolds forcell culturing such as films, pressed 3-D forms and nonwovenfabric from ultrathin fibers are characterized. Two types ofpolymers - a homopolymer of the 3-hydroxybutyric acid anda copolymer formed by monomers of the 3-hydroxybutyricand 3-hydroxyvalerianic acids are studied. Surface propertiesof developed polymer scaffolds, sterilized with autoclavingand Н2О2-plasma processing are compared. It is shown thatplasma has beneficial effects resulting in decrease of thewatering contact angle and increase of surface hydrophilicproperties. Positive effects of Н2О2-plasma processingof scaffold surface on culturing cell adhesion and viabilitycompared with autoclaving sterilization is demonstrated onNIH 3T3 line fibroblast culturing.

This review presents current information about thecooperative interaction of sinusoidal liver cells and bone marrowcells at the processes of physiological, reparative and fibrosingliver regeneration. It is shown that the stem / progenitor cellsof bone marrow (hematopoietic and mesenchymal stromalcells) supplement regulatory role of liver stem cells (firstof all stellate cells - Ito cells), reduce the seriousness ofinflammation and fibrosis, and thereby normalize the recoveryprocess of damaged liver regeneration. It is believed that theuse of mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow is the mostfuture forward strategy. However, to form a final opinion onthe regenerative capacity of autologous and allogeneic bonemarrow cells at hepatic failure large-scale double-blind clinicaltrials should be carried out.

Current standard methods of curing patients with braintumors targeted to complete elimination of tumor cells fromthe body are of low effectiveness. Disappointing results ofgenerally accepted therapy modalities ordain searching fornovel approaches to treatment with oncopathology, basedon detailed understanding of oncogenesis and interaction oftumor cells with the body normal ones. In this discussionarticle on the basis of the developed hypothesis of inducedbioregulation of tumor cells we have proposed a conceptuallydifferent methodological concept of therapeutic correctionbrain tumors - cytoregulatory therapy which is based on usinginduced regional multipotent stem cells as the main approachin the central nervous system tumors.

Results of cultivated autologous connective tissue bonemarrow cells use for the stimulation of distraction boneregenerates in 8 children aged from 3.7 to 16.0 years withcongenital lower extremities length discrepancy (main group)are compared with those achieved for 24 children aged2.5-14.0 with similar pathology who were treated withoutapplication of cell technology (control group). Treatmentresults are indicative of marked stimulating effect of celltherapy upon the formation and maturation of distractionbone regenerates after surgical correction of lowerextremities length discrepancy. In the main group durationof treatment reduced to 4,5-6,5 months versus 7,5-11months in the control group. Subsequently with growth ofchildren the elongated limb segments in children from themain group showed less delay in development as comparedwith elongated limb segments in patients from the controlgroup. It is obvious that use of SBMC has exerted stimulatingeffect upon the growth of the whole segment of the operatedextremity approximating the rates of its development thephysiological ones.Reduction of treatment duration enabled to avoid potentialcomplications related to prolonged extremity fixation indistraction apparatus and to perform rehabilitation at earlierterms than in patients from the control group that led to theimprovement of anatomical and functional results.