There are presented contemporary data on pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis, special attention being paid to regulatory cells. Contemporary therapeutic measures, conducted at this disease, have been analyzed. Perspective therapeutic approaches have been discussed.

Basic demographical and clinical characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis in the Republic of Tatarstan have been considered, indices of incidence as compared to the same indices in other regions of the Russian Federation have been analyzed, and discussion of possible reasons of the revealed differences has been presented.

There were studied clinical manifestations and the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) in men and women of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Being a man can be considered as a predictor of unfavorable MS development in the early years of the disease. Multiple sclerosis in men is developing more quickly and has a tendency to a progressive course.

The preliminary epidemiological study assessed the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) among population of Chelyabinsk city. At present there are 554 patients with MS which corresponds to the prevalence of 50, 65 per 100 000 population. The most cases are registered among people of 30-39 ages. Study revealed all clinical types of MS with prevailing of secondary progressive subtype.

There were examined 60 patients with remitting type of multiple sclerosis. Genotyping had been performed with the help of PCR by a polymorphic variant +3953 А1/А2 gene IL-1в. It was found that polymorphism IL-1в +3953 A1/A2 is not the leading factor in a susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and does not define the disease phenotype. At the same time presence of some or other allele can contribute into misbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

The aim of the study was to analyze the parameters of neuropsychological method, cognitive evoked potentials P300 and the role of brain atrophy in MS. It was shown that cognitive functions, activity of the disease and the expression of brain atrophy were intercorrelated by the certain way.

There were presented the results of usage of rehabilitation complex program at Multiple Sclerosis patients with motor disorders. Measures of central and peripheral action were performed as well as reparative process stimulation in CNS. Factors, determining rehabilitation effectiveness, have been analyzed.

Thioctic acid usage was scientifically proved for the purpose of sensor disorders' correction in patients with multiple sclerosis. There was evaluated effectiveness of therapy by thioctic acid in the multiple sclerosis patients, having different sensor disorders as seen after postregistered clinical investigations. According to the preliminary results it was shown that thioctic acid can positively influence sensor disorders.

There were presented results of many-sided perspective randomized comparative clinical study of Russian preparation Interferon-Beta-1b - ronbetal and of original preparation Betaferon. During 7,5 months of taking of these preparations there was conducted a monthly magnetic resonance tomography together with intravenous injection of paramagnetic contrast agent. This clinical investigation has demonstrated equal safety, tolerance and effectiveness of Ronbetal and Interferon.

Psychological peculiarities of a person in 255 adolescents having disadaptation, aged15-17, have been studied with the help of some psychological techniques - of MMPI-SMALL, of Aisenk, of susceptibility test for dependent behavior. The revealed deviations allow developing algorithm of rendering of specialized help to the given contingent of children.

Modern data on pathogenic mechanisms of multiple sclerosis and their correlation with clinical manifestations, course and prognosis of the disease, as well as possibilities and limitations of contemporary pathogenic therapy were presented. There was considered a variety of immunomodelling preparations, influencing the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of multiple sclerosis, as well as necessity of creating markers, reflecting a pathogenetic mechanism in a certain patient for the aim of substantial therapeutic effectiveness.

It was shown that most of the authors consider as late multiple sclerosis (which incidence is from 3,4% to 9,4%) the forms with the first clinical manifestations of the disease in patients over 50 years old. For this kind of MS the characteristic feature is the progradient course of the disease with progressive motor disturbances.

The article gives an account of recent views of both ophthalmologists and neurologists on the issue of early diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis in patients, whose disease manifestation begins with optic disorders. The study investigates anatomic and pathogenetic connection between Optic Neuritis (ON) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as well as there is a discussion on the use of latest visualized technologies in order to carry out differential diagnostics for ON and MS.

There was presented a review of foreign publications of 2009 about the investigation results of clinical effectiveness of Cladribine (in tablets) for treating Multiple Sclerosis.

There were presented contemporary data, including the results of our own investigations about pathogenetic mechanisms of psychoemotional disorders, which can be found at multiple sclerosis. The results of demonstrative investigations in effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and of nonpharmacological methods of depression correction and chronic fatigue were summarized.

Basic factors, influencing the adherence (including durative immune-modeling treatment) of MS patients and perspectives of its effectiveness due to completing of clinical studies of new tablet medicine - Cladribine, were presented.

Conceptual and methodological issues of quality of life research in multiple sclerosis are considered. Modern standards of quality of life assessment are presented. Modern standards of quality of life research in patients with multiple sclerosis are demonstrated.

There were covered a short history and modern pathogenetic hypothesis of antiphospholipid syndrome - a pathological state, characterized by thrombotic complications. Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in development of non-thrombic autoimmune diseases including those, accompanied by nervous system lesions, was considered.

Among new immune-modeling and anti-inflammatory preparations, changing the course of remitting multiple sclerosis, there was studied polypeptide glatiramere acetate, having immune-modeling, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective qualities. There were given results of our own investigations for adherence to medications, changing MS course, especially to glatiramere acetate.

Modern aspects of rehabilitating patients with multiple sclerosis were considered. Results of their own investigations were presented.

The role of intrinsic medullar and extra medullar factors in the relationship between syrinx development and spinal cord inflammation is discussed.