The intensity of acute radiation on microdensitometric complex in 123 with malignant tumors of the larynx is investigated. The thickness of the larynx air column in the range of the dose from 0 to 40 Gy is studied in patients of 3 groups as required by the applied radioprotector (15% solution of dimephosphone, sea-buckthorn oil, Evdoshchenko’s solution). The data obtained allow to establish the manifestation of acute radiation reaction as required by the applied radioprotector and to estimate the efficacy of the last-mentioned one using the automatic microdensitometry.

The agressive factor type, its dose, geometry and effect intensity determine the content change nature of adenylic acids, hormones and electrolytes in blood and tissue.

Clinico-roentgenologic changes of the small intestine in 87 women after radiotherapy performed in case of cervical carcinoma of I—III stages are studied. The changes of the small intestine in early and late terms after radiotherapy in the form of dyskinesia, pathologic segmentation, flocculation, more rarely fragmentation of barium suspension column, in some cases, mucous membrane folds edema are revealed. The ileum located in radiation zone is principally damaged. The changes are more pronounced in patients with fixation of intestinal loops by postoperative commissures and suffering from enteritis before radiotherapy. The inadequacy of complaints of patients to the manifestation extent of the small intestine changes revealed by roentgenodiagnosis is characteristic.

Intermittent hydrarthrosis is a disease characterized by inflammatory changes in the joints. The etiology of this ailment is unknown, however, a relationship with an allergic condition and endocrine disorders is noted. The clinical picture is characterized by a sudden onset. More often, the knee joints are involved in the pathological process, less often the ankle, hip. The joints of the hands are extremely rarely affected. In the absence of violations of the general condition against the background of a normal temperature, pain and swelling of one, possibly two joints suddenly appear. The joint increases in volume due to the accumulation of exudate. Periarticular tissues change slightly. The function of the joint suffers little. The disease is cyclical. In connection with the rare spread of intermittent hydrarthrosis, we present our own observation of such a patient.

Precision clinical topometry is the most important attribute of pre-radiation preparation of patients. Its underestimation and implementation of radiation therapy on the basis of schematic planning, according to various authors, can cause the development of radiation injuries from 6-10% to 61.2% in patients with malignant tumors of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal region. This is due to the sharp gradient of the absorbed radiation dose arising from the inhomogeneity of the irradiated volume. The adequacy of the performed topometric studies is in direct proportion to the radiation damage.

We studied the effectiveness of puncture reflexology (PR) in vertebral artery syndrome (SPA). We observed 61 patients with SPA at the age from 25 to 55 years (men — 24, women — 37). Previously, patients underwent outpatient and inpatient treatment in different years. In 23 patients, a form of compression-irritative SPA was revealed, in 38 patients - a reflex angiospastic syndrome. The symptomatology of SPA consisted of paroxysmal headaches, more often of the hemicranic type, cochleo-vestibular and visual disturbances, varying degrees of autonomic disorders and general neurotic syndrome. Radiographs of the cervical spine showed signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes, Kovacs subluxation, and in 2 cases of Chimerly's anomaly. Signs of hemodynamic disturbances of varying severity in the vertebrobasilar basin (changes in vascular tone, decreased blood flow) were observed on RZH in most patients. Changes in hemodynamics in most cases dominated on the side of pathology.

The development and implementation of precision methods for pre-radiation topodosimetric preparation has significantly reduced the frequency of radiation injuries. The use of the VDF and NSD factors made adjustments to the planning of bioequivalent radiation regimes. Despite this, radiation complications remain a frequent limiting factor in radiation therapy. Recent studies have shown that the development and formation of radiation damage seems to be a complex and diverse process, not all aspects of which have been sufficiently studied. In the overwhelming number of patients who have undergone radiation therapy, there is a decrease in immunity parameters [12]. In the development of radiation injuries, the infection of the radiation zone [17], the prevalence of the malignant process [4], and regional circulatory disorders [6] are of direct importance. The conditions that predispose to the occurrence of radiation damage are trauma and inflammation. The frequency of radiation damage increases with the use of various types of chemotherapy, especially in combination with radiation therapy and hyperthermia [10]. The listed factors, which determine the development of distant radiation damage, create a prerequisite for the development of measures that protect the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor [8].

Under dispensary supervision in the polyclinic of the city clinical hospital No. 12 there are 27 people who participated in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. In 1993, a comprehensive medical examination of this contingent was carried out with the participation of occupational pathologists of the Republican Center for Occupational Pathology. Each case was considered individually, taking into account the state of health examined before exposure to radiation, data of the clinical picture and paraclinical research methods, specialist consultations; the final conclusion was formulated after a panel discussion. The participation of specialist doctors from the Republican Center for Occupational Pathology and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan was of an advisory nature, since regional interdepartmental expert councils created in Russia have the authority to resolve expert issues to establish a connection between existing deviations in the health status of persons with radiation exposure.

The ubiquitous spread of staphylococcal diseases among the population, as well as the lack of reliable means of protection and fight against them, make the issues of obtaining immunological preparations very urgent [1, 3].

Hospital-acquired infections (nosocomial infections) are a serious public health problem. According to V.T. Sokolovsky [6], annually they are registered in more than 5 million people, 200 thousand of whom die, and the economic damage is estimated at more than 500 million rubles. Obstetric and surgical institutions are "hospitals at risk" of nosocomial infections. On discharge from the maternity hospital, hospital strains of S. aureus are found in 60% of women in labor and 60–97% of newborns [2, 5]. In the structure of nosocomial infections, mastitis, thrombophlebitis, pyelocystitis prevail in mothers, and pyoderma and abscesses in children. In 81% of newborns and 89% of postpartum women, the causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus [3, 7].

Acute radiation reactions in patients with malignant neoplasms of the larynx are a constant factor accompanying radiation therapy. The intensity and speed of their manifestation are ambiguous and depend on the stage of the malignant process.

Overcoming social skepticism about the future of nuclear power and other highly efficient industries using fissile materials is, in our opinion, a matter of time, because in the near foreseeable future there is no other technically and economically feasible alternative to nuclear power due to the imminent fuel and energy crisis. However, it is bewildering the efforts of apologists for nuclear energy to minimize the degree of harmful radiation effects on the human body and on entire groups of people (NPP personnel, participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, the population evacuated from the affected areas and the population of the regions that found themselves in the path of the radioactive cloud after the accident on ChNPP). Many studies, numerous publications of specialists in various fields, from nuclear physicists to physicians and biologists, have been devoted to the fulfillment of this very dubious task. These publications are systematized, carefully selected and published in special brochures, collections and whole books, in which there are no skeptical statements and research results of those specialists who adhere to a slightly different point of view or strongly reject the concept of "35 rem in a lifetime". Their opinion can be found mainly only with a careful study of the collections of reports at highly specialized thematic conferences, meetings, seminars, and even then mainly in the biomedical direction. But all their persistent calls to reconsider the concept of radiation, affecting people in a dose exceeding 35 rem per life, are met with fierce hostility, declared incompetent, populist or politically opportunistic, or even simply anti-scientific.

On December 23-24, 1993, a scientific conference was held at the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy (VMedA): "Actual problems of the pathophysiology of extreme conditions", dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Major General of Medical Service I.R. Petrov, Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Medical Academy of Medical Sciences (1939-1963), Professor-Consultant of the Military Medical Academy (1963-1968), Chairman of the All-Union Society of Pathophysiologists (1960-1968), Honorary Chairman of this Society (1968-1970).

Various aspects of the problem were discussed at the plenary and breakout sessions, as well as at the round table. Prof. M. Ya. Ruda (Moscow) in his report “Modern approaches to the treatment of acute myocardial infarction” noted that restoration of coronary blood flow is the key to successful treatment of the disease. Pointing out that myocardial necrosis begins 30 minutes after the occlusion of the coronary artery, after 2 hours 50% of the affected area "dies", and after 4 hours - all 100%, he stressed that from these positions, after 4 hours from the onset of the disease, thrombolytic therapy already ineffective. Therefore, it should be started at the prehospital stage. The most widely used tissue plasminogen activator and, especially, streptase (ST), with the use of which less often develop retrombosis and cerebral strokes. In addition, the CT is cheaper. In the prevention of retrombosis, aspirin, heparin can be useful (5000 units intravenously, then infusion of 1000 units per hour for 2 days under the control of blood clotting time). Prof. M. Ya. Ruda also said that at present, the administration of magnesium salts is widely used abroad in the acute period of myocardial infarction, which significantly reduces mortality. Perhaps, he added, "they will soon start with magnesium salts."

The conference was attended by scientists from Kazan, Moscow and St. Petersburg, faculty and cadets of the Kazan Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians, Hematology, and hygienists-radiologists of cities and regions of the Republic of Tatarstan.

On April 11, 1994, at the 97th year of his life, a prominent therapist, scientist, teacher, public figure and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan, Professor Leopold Matveyevich Rakhlin, died.