The stages of formation and development of the forensic medical science are considered. The historical information of the outstanding representatives of the Kazan school and their contribution to the forensic medicine of our country are presented. The current developments and advances of the activity of the forensic medicine department of the Kazan medical institute are shown.

The data concerning the formation of the forensic medical service in Tatarstan are given. The characteristic of structure and organization of its activity in the present state are presented. The development prospects for the years immediately ahead are evident.

The comprehensive clinical picture of diffusive axonal trauma and its morphologic manifestations are given. It is shown that the mechanism of head trauma, the direction of traumatizing object motion and the terms of inflicting injuries may be determined by the localization and distribution of the foci of azones injuries.

The mild forms of craniocerebral injury — concussion and contusion of the brain of the mild form are closely related in symptomatology but vary in time of a patient (victim) disability and consequently in forensic medical examination of the gravity of body injuries. The problems of diagnosis, differentiated approach of clinical diagnosis in the mild forms of craniocerebral injury are studied, the only approach of physicians-specialists (neurosurgeons, neuropathologists and medicolegists) to this issue is determined.

The regularities of pelvis bones fractures in children depending on the concrete direction and conditions of the action of a hard obtuse object are revealed. The data provided show the basic mechanisms of fractures and permit solving the controversial problems occurring in concrete injury examinations

A comparative study of the quantity of the fractures of ribs in drivers and passengers of the front seat by front and back anatomic lines during front collisions of cars is performed. The statistically appreciable distinction of the quantity of the fractures of ribs by front and back surfaces in a driver and passenger is proved using the Student’s criterion providing the importance for determining the location of persons in a car during trauma inside it.