The qualitative characteristics of the flow-volume curves were studied in 50 patients with acute pneumonia with concomitant bronchitis. It has been established that the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forced expiratory curves in the "flow-volume" ratio are complementary and should be used in the diagnosis of patients with a pulmonological profile.

We examined 337 patients with chronic bronchitis - agricultural workers, of which 203 were exposed to adverse occupational factors. In patients of the main group, more pronounced manifestations of bronchial obstruction, violations of the relationship between the most important indicators of the immune status, disorders of erythropoiesis and lipid metabolism were revealed. When carrying out therapeutic measures, active restoration of bronchial patency, the use of influences aimed at correcting the immune status, the processes of erythropoiesis and lipid metabolism are necessary.

The results of the application of aspiration biopsy under local anesthesia using a system of guided catheters in combination with bronchography in diagnostics are presented.
lungs and in 75.4% - peripheral. Bronchographic changes were detected in all patients with central cancer and only in 14 out of 105 patients with peripheral cancer. Among 30 patients with decaying cancer, in 56.6% of cases it was possible to contrast the decay cavity. The proposed complex research method, applicable in outpatient settings, should be mandatory in the intensive diagnosis of lung diseases.

The temporal and volume-velocity parameters of left ventricular (LV) filling were studied in 39 healthy and 35 patients with CIHD, divided into subgroups based on positive (+) or negative (–) increase in the total amplitude of the R wave (∆εR) at the height of dosed physical activity. The most pronounced pathological changes in filling dynamics were noted in the group of patients with CIHD with a positive ∆ƩR. The relationship between ∆ƩR and the state of LV diastolic function was revealed. Apparently, changes in the amplitude of the R wave during dosed physical activity can reflect the state of the functional reserve of the myocardium.

A mathematical program has been created to improve and objectify the differential diagnosis of coronary heart disease, alcoholic myocardial dystrophy and acute alcohol poisoning. More than 100 cases of sudden death were analyzed using computer technology. The advantages of the method are its simplicity and the possibility of using it in any forensic medical examination bureau and in pathoanatomical practice.

A new method of intraoperative diagnostics of the functional state of the sphincter of Oddi is proposed. The method is based on registration of sphincter irritations caused by hydrochloric acid solution. This allows you to differentiate reversible and irreversible changes in the terminal section of the common bile duct. 76 studies were conducted in patients with various pathologies of the major duodenal papilla. Based on the obtained sphincterograms, groups of patients were identified and the scope of surgical intervention was determined.

A new method for the differential diagnosis of inflammatory and functional forms of lesions of the biliary system in children is described. This method is based on the reduction reaction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT-test). With cholecystitis, the values of the NBT test increase, with dysfunction, they are within the normal range.

The data of own observations of 13 adult patients with primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis are presented. Clinical and radiological symptoms, methods of surgical treatment of patients with this pathology are described.

In the clinical picture of duodenogastric reflux, established during endoscopic examination in 88 patients with chronic gastroduodenitis (age from 5 to 15 years), two different variants were identified - hyperkinetic and hypokinetic with pyloric insufficiency. Duodenogastric reflux is preferably treated with acupuncture. If this is not possible, it is advisable to combine drug treatment with courses of laser reflexology.

The results of treatment of acute intestinal obstruction in Tatarstan for 30 years were analyzed. A direct dependence of the outcomes of the operation on the timing of admission of patients to the hospital from the moment of the disease was revealed.

In order to improve the immediate long-term results of surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias, the abdominal cavity was prepared for increased pressure, special preparation of the skin in the area of the surgical field, local nutrition was supplied to the autodermal graft, and the optimal choice of the plasty method was carried out. The number of postoperative complications, relapses and postoperative mortality decreased.

A comprehensive study of the morphological and functional features of the placenta of a large fetus and the intensity of uteroplacental blood flow was carried out to determine the state of the blood supply to the fetus and its role in the genesis of macrosomia. It has been established that macrosomia occurs in women with intense uteroplacental blood flow.

The experience of a new direction in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy — drug therapy is described. As a result of the use of methotrexate in pregnant women, complete resorption of the fetal egg occurred.

Natural feeding in the first year of life is of great importance for the normal physical development of the child, the correct formation of his psycho-emotional sphere. At present, despite the success in studying various nutritional formulas for artificial feeding, all domestic and foreign pediatricians recognize the benefits of breastfeeding and are its ardent supporters. However, the number of children who receive early supplementary feeding and are transferred to artificial feeding is still high. The main reason for the transfer of infants to artificial feeding is hypogalactia - reduced secretory ability of the mammary glands. It is important to study the causes of hypogalactia, the development of effective methods for its prevention and treatment.

The disorders of intestinal eubiosis in children with atopic dermatitis were studied. The relationship between the degree of violations of the intestinal biocenosis and the severity of atopic dermatitis was revealed.

The level of plasma fibronectin was studied in 30 patients with acute isolated and combined traumatic brain injury. Both isolated and combined traumatic brain injury is accompanied by a significant decrease in the concentration of bioactive fibronectin. It was found that hypofibronectinemia is most pronounced in patients with concomitant traumatic brain injury.

The parameters of collagen metabolism in blood plasma and urine were studied in 53 patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, depending on the period and severity of the course of the disease. The data obtained indicate significant disturbances in collagen metabolism in this disease.

A new method for the laboratory diagnosis of whooping cough has been developed, based on the detection of anti-pertussis antibodies in saliva by the reaction of lamellar stained latex microagglutination (RPOLMA). According to the degree of detection of patients with whooping cough, it is not inferior to the serological method and surpasses the bacteriological one. The RPOLMA method has the following advantages: it is non-traumatic, excludes the possibility of infection through medical instruments with AIDS and hematite B viruses associated with taking blood, and reduces the time of the study by 5-7 days. It is recommended as a method of rapid diagnosis of whooping cough.

The clinical course of chicken pox was studied in 7 patients who were treated for a long time with immunosuppressants for a number of major serious diseases (acute leukemia, Werlhof's disease, chronic nephritis). In 5 children, chickenpox had bullous and generalized forms. In one case there was a lethal outcome. All patients with leukemia experienced an exacerbation of the underlying disease on the 15-16th day of the course of chicken pox. It is recommended that immunosuppressants received by the child for the underlying disease should not be canceled with chickenpox; moreover, do not reduce their doses.

The morphogenesis of 15 pleomorphic adenomas was studied. Identification of myoepithelial cells was carried out by immunohistochemical method using polyclonal antibodies to myosin, human carbonic anhydrase III, monoclonal antibodies to proteins of intermediate filaments of cytokeratin polypeptides No. 8 (clone H 1), No. 17 (clone E 3) and No. 18 (clone C 12). Myoepithelial, epithelial and other cells are involved in the morphogenesis of the studied tumors. It is recommended to use antibodies to myosin, carbonic anhydrase III, keratins No. 8, 17, 18 in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands.

The technique of conducting anesthesia is described and its anatomical rationale is given from one point during a septum operation performed for a hematoma of the nasal septum. This anesthesia is performed taking into account the anatomical features of the structure, blood supply, innervation of the nasal septum, and therefore it allows submucosal resection of the nasal septum painlessly, economically in time, by introducing an anesthetic subperchondrium.

A convenient and common way of introducing drugs into the patient's body is the use of tablets, powders, solutions through the mouth into the stomach. However, it is well known that this route has a number of significant disadvantages: a long latent period, local irritant effect on the mucous membrane, a negative effect on the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract, the primary passage through the liver, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of drugs. In addition, a number of drugs simply cannot be administered in this way due to their destruction in the gastrointestinal tract or the impossibility of passing unchanged through the gastrointestinal tract into the blood. It is also important that the absorption of the drug introduced into the stomach is difficult to stop without the use of any emergency measures - gastric lavage, the appointment of laxatives.

Treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system with external fixation methods has been practiced for a long time and is deservedly considered one of the most effective in the arsenal of orthopedic traumatologists. For the first time, transosseous osteosynthesis with the simplest apparatus was used in 1629 by Fabricius Hildanus. A qualitatively new stage in the development of transosseous osteosynthesis is observed at the beginning of this century. Since the 1950s, the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis has been widely used in world practice and is constantly being improved.

Progressive muscular dystrophies (PMD) are a group of hereditary diseases characterized by a primary dystrophic process in muscle tissue. The peculiarity and characteristics of cardiac disorders depend both on the nosological form with a characteristic muscle pathology for each of them, and on the stage, severity of the course of the disease and the mass of the affected muscles, and circulatory failure is less pronounced than damage to skeletal muscles.

Tumors and cysts of the mediastinum can cause dysfunction of any organ located in this anatomical region. We give an example of the development of a clinical syndrome of congenital heart disease in a giant cyst of the posterior mediastinum.

Currently, ultrasound (ultrasound) is given great attention in the recognition of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity. This is due to its safety, non-invasiveness, short and easy for the patient period of study, and most importantly, high information content and the possibility of dynamic control with its help without significant adjustments to the patient's condition.

We have personal experience of performing 36 operations on the adrenal glands in 31 patients, which were performed from 1971 to 1988. 5 patients (2 men and 3 women aged 21 to 36 years) with Itsenko-Cushing's disease underwent bilateral total staged adrenalectomy with autotransplantation 2-4 pieces of adrenal glands into the subcutaneous tissue.

Since in the available literature we have not found a single description of an irreducible subtalar dislocation of the foot, in which the tendon of the posterior tibial muscle was an obstacle to repositioning, we consider it appropriate to present one of our observations.

As you know, a direct inguinal hernia is called a hernia that protrudes the peritoneum in the region of the medial inguinal fossa and penetrates into the inguinal canal outside the spermatic cord through the inguinal gap. It is always acquired.

In some cases, it is very difficult to establish abdominal pregnancy according to a clinical examination. Ultrasound echography may play a leading role in the diagnosis of this pathology.
We present our observation confirming the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of full-term abdominal pregnancy.

The aim of our study was to study the activity of a number of enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic cationic proteins in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) of peripheral blood in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The fight against miscarriage has not lost its relevance to date. One of the causes of this pathology is isthmic-cervical insufficiency. There are many methods of its treatment, but they are complex and traumatic for the cervix.

In the literature, there are few data on purulent-septic manifestations in viral hepatitis. A number of authors point to the prognostic value of bacteremia in liver cirrhosis. It is known that as liver failure increases, prerequisites for bacterial-viral reinfection appear.

Leptospirosis infection (like a number of other infectious diseases) has moved to the level of sporadic cases. This made it much more difficult to identify it, and, accordingly, attention to it was lost on the part of practitioners. In our opinion, cases of leptospirosis are not so rare, they just usually pass under other diagnoses.

In the city, which has 160 thousand children, by 1989 there was an extremely unfavorable situation with the provision of ophthalmic care to them. In a specialized kindergarten for the treatment of strabismus and amblyopia, 6 children's oculists work (that is, 6.5 staff units are employed against the standard 16.5). Due to the shortage of personnel, large queues were created for an appointment with a doctor, who worked with great overloads (having no material interest).

400 workers of the fur farm and 246 people of the control group were examined. The level of infection with toxoplasma in Tatarstan in the general population is 22%, and in the risk group it is almost 2 times higher - 42.7%.

Among the many corrective devices for the treatment of scoliosis by technical means, the most plastic and less traumatic corrective effect on the spine is exerted by the titanium plate of the device by L. L. Rodnyansky - V. K. Gupalov. It is effective for scoliosis up to 30° [1]. With scoliosis III-IV degree and superscoliosis (over 50°), this device is ineffective and, moreover, it does not eliminate the torsion of the spine. The cosmetic hump remains.

The fate of some scientists in medicine was unpredictable - the names of many famous people in the past were forgotten for a long time. Among these undeservedly forgotten and outstanding Russian therapist Sergei Vasilievich Levashov...

From 24 to 26 October 1990 Kyiv hosted the IV All-Union Symposium on Immunology of Reproduction with international participation.
President of the International Association for Immunology of Reproduction Prof. S. Izojima et al. (Japan) presented the characterization of human sperm surface antigens.

On October 2, 1990, Professor Moishe Zelmanovich Sigal, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and the TSSR, Head of the Department of Surgery and Oncology of the Kazan Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education named after V.I. Lenin, suddenly died.