Nanostructure and reactivity of soot from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with CO₂ additions

Abstract

This paper investigated the nanostructure and oxidation reactivity of soot generated from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with different CO₂ additions and different temperatures in a quartz tube flow reactor. The morphology and nanostructure of soot samples were characterized by a low and a high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM and HRTEM) and an X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oxidation reactivity of these samples was explored by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Different soot samples were collected in the tail of the tube. With the increase of temperature, the soot showed a smaller mean particle diameter, a longer fringe length, and a lower fringe tortuosity, as well as a higher degree of graphization. However, the variation of soot nanostructures resulting from different CO₂ additions was not linear. Compared with 0%, 50%, and 100% CO₂ additions at one fixed temperature, the soot collected from the 10% CO₂ addition has the highest degree of graphization and crystallization. At three temperatures of 1173 K, 1223 K, and 1273 K, the mean values of fringe length distribution displayed a ranking of 10% CO₂>100% CO₂>50% CO₂ while the mean particle diameters showed the same order. Furthermore, the oxidation reactivity of different soot samples decreased in the ranking of 50% CO₂ addition>100% CO₂ addition>10% CO₂ addition, which was equal to the ranking of mean values of fringe tortuosity distribution. The result further confirmed the close relationship between soot nanostructure and oxidation reactivity.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

2 / 5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis / soot / CO₂ addition / nanostructure / reactivity

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51822605 and 51576100) and 333 Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BRA2017428).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-020-0658-3 and is accessible for authorized users.

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