# Frontiers in Energy

 Front. Energy    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (2) : 269-283     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-018-0573-z
 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Optimal design and development of PV-wind-battery based nano-grid system: A field-on-laboratory demonstration
B. TUDU(), K. K. MANDAL, N. CHAKRABORTY
Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700098, India
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 Abstract The present paper has disseminated the design approach, project implementation, and economics of a nano-grid system. The deployment of the system is envisioned to acculturate the renewable technology into Indian society by field-on-laboratory demonstration (FOLD) and “bridge the gaps between research, development, and implementation.” The system consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) (2.4 kWp), a wind turbine (3.2 kWp), and a battery bank (400 Ah). Initially, a prefeasibility study is conducted using the well-established HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. The feasibility study indicates that the optimal capacity for the nano-grid system consists of a 2.16 kWp solar PV, a 3 kWp wind turbine, a 1.44 kW inverter, and a 24 kWh battery bank. The total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system are US$20789.85 and US$0.673/kWh, respectively. However, the hybrid system consisting of a 2.4 kWp of solar PV, a 3.2 kWp of wind turbine, a 3 kVA of inverter, and a 400 Ah of battery bank has been installed due to unavailability of system components of desired values and to enhance the reliability of the system. The TNPC and COE of the system installed are found to be US$20073.63 and US$0.635/kWh, respectively and both costs are largely influenced by battery cost. Besides, this paper has illustrated the installation details of each component as well as of the system. Moreover, it has discussed the detailed cost breakup of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the system has been investigated and validated with the simulation results. It is observed that the power generated from the PV system is quite significant and is almost uniform over the year. Contrary to this, a trivial wind velocity prevails over the year apart from the month of April, May, and June, so does the power yield. This research demonstration provides a pathway for future planning of scaled-up hybrid energy systems or microgrid in this region of India or regions of similar topography. Corresponding Authors: B. TUDU Just Accepted Date: 14 May 2018   Online First Date: 20 July 2018    Issue Date: 04 July 2019
 Cite this article: B. TUDU,K. K. MANDAL,N. CHAKRABORTY. Optimal design and development of PV-wind-battery based nano-grid system: A field-on-laboratory demonstration[J]. Front. Energy, 2019, 13(2): 269-283. URL: http://journal.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-018-0573-z http://journal.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2019/V13/I2/269
 Tab.1  Electric load considered for the system Fig.1  Synthesized load profile of the site for one year Fig.2  Monthly average wind speed (22°33.7′N, 88°24.8′E) Fig.3  Hourly wind speed for one year (22°33.7′N, 88°24.8′E) Fig.4  Hourly solar global horizontal irradiation for one year (22°33.7′N, 88°24.8′E) Tab.2  Optimized system configuration Fig.5  Hybrid system installed on the rooftop Fig.6  Structure and layout of the hybrid system Fig.7  Schematic diagram of the hybrid system Fig.8  Layout of the PV system Tab.3  Detailed specification of PV panels Fig.9  Different components and layout of the wind system Tab.4  Detailed specification of wind turbine (whisper 500) and accessories Fig.10  Battery arrangement of the system Tab.5  Battery specification Tab.6  Inverter specification Fig.11  Logging and display system Tab.7  Cost and other parameters considered for optimization Fig.12  Power output from PV and wind system in a typical year Fig.13  Power generated by solar PV and wind system for 24 h in a typical day Tab.8  System net present cost and component wise cost breakup (all in US$) Tab.9 System annualized cost and component wise cost breakup (all in US$) Tab.10  Detailed cost breakup of each component of the installed hybrid system Tab.11  Net present cost breakup of installed system (all in US$) Tab.12 Annualized cost breakup of installed system (all in US$)