|
|
Evaluation of renewable energies production potential in the Middle East: confronting the world’s energy crisis |
Hamid BAHRAMPOUR1, Amir Khosro BEHESHTI MARNANI2, Mohammad Bagher ASKARI3( ), Mohammad Reza BAHRAMPOUR4 |
1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 14515-775, Iran 2. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran 3. Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran 4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran |
|
|
Abstract Oil and fossil fuels, the main source of energy in the Middle East have obviously the most destructive effects on the environment and public health. The developed countries of the Middle East are faced with the crisis and energy security. This paper is about evaluating the energy demand /consumption in the Middle East. First, the position of energy consumption in the world and the Middle East is discussed. Next, the evaluation of the current potential of clean energy production from renewable energies is explained. Finally, according to related maps, charts and information presented for the condition of renewable energy which has been approved by the countries of the Middle East, the greatest places in some countries of this region are introduced and discussed.
|
Keywords
Middle East countries
renewable energy
fossil fuels
energy crisis
|
Corresponding Author(s):
Mohammad Bagher ASKARI
|
Online First Date: 25 August 2017
Issue Date: 16 March 2020
|
|
1 |
A Richards, J Waterbury. A Political Economy of the Middle East: State, class, and Economic Development. Colorado: Westview Press, 1990
|
2 |
M L Ross. Does oil hinder democracy? World Politics, 2001, 53(3): 325–361
https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2001.0011
|
3 |
M J Economides, D A Wood. The state of natural gas. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2009, 1(1-2): 1–13
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2009.03.005
|
4 |
J Aali, H Rahimpour-Bonab, M R Kamali. Geochemistry and origin of the world’s largest gas field from Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering, 2006, 50(3-4): 161–175
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2005.12.004
|
5 |
J Goldemberg, T B Johansson, A K Reddy, R H Williams. Energy for a Sustainable World. New York: Wiley, 1988
|
6 |
S Shafiee, E Topal. When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished? Energy Policy, 2009, 37(1): 181–189
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.08.016
|
7 |
J Stork. Middle East Oil and the Energy Crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975
|
8 |
H Mowlana, M B Marron. Mass media in the Middle East: a comprehensive handbook. Newspaper Research Journal, 1994, 15(4): 117
|
9 |
A Mostafaeipour, N Mostafaeipour. Renewable energy issues and electricity production in Middle East compared with Iran. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13(6-7): 1641–1645
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.011
|
10 |
Hamid B, Mohammad Bagher A, Mohammad Reza B, Mahboubeh B. Review of sustainable energy sources in Kerman. World Journal of Engineering, 2016, 13(2): 109–119
https://doi.org/10.1108/WJE-04-2016-014
|
11 |
S Gabriel. Global trade with oil products. 2016,
|
12 |
Wikipedia. List of countries by oil exports. 2016, available at the website of wikipedia
|
13 |
B Ozcan. The nexus between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Middle East countries: a panel data analysis. Energy Policy, 2013, 62: 1138–1147
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.016
|
14 |
Arouri M E H, Ben Youssef A, M’henni H, Rault C. Energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Middle East and North African countries. Energy Policy, 2012, 45: 342–349
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.042
|
15 |
A Mohseni-Cheraghlou. The case for solar power in the Middle East and North Africa. 2016, available at the website of worldbank
|
16 |
J Herbst. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014
|
17 |
M Mohsen, A M Bagher, B M Reza, M M Vahid, T Mahdi. Comparing the generation of electricity from renewable and non-renewable energy sources in Iran and the world: now and future. World Journal of Engineering, 2015, 12(6): 627–638
https://doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.6.627
|
18 |
Wikipedia. Geography of Saudi Arabia. 2016,
|
19 |
A Al Ghabban. Presentation, KACARE, Saudi Arabia’s renewable energy strategy and solar energy deployment roadmap. IRENA Lecture Program, 2013
|
20 |
S AlYahya, M A Irfan. Analysis from the new solar radiation Atlas for Saudi Arabia. Solar Energy, 2016, 130: 116–127
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.01.053
|
21 |
Desert Solar Saudi Arabia. Top 10-solar projects Saudi Arabia. 2016, available at the website of desertsolarsaudiarabia
|
22 |
M A M Ramli, A Hiendro, Y A Al-Turki. Techno-economic energy analysis of wind/solar hybrid system: case study for western coastal area of Saudi Arabia. Renewable Energy, 2016, 91: 374e385
|
23 |
A M Eltamaly. Design and implementation of wind energy system in Saudi Arabia. Renewable Energy, 2013, 60: 42–52
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.04.006
|
24 |
A Kazim. Assessments of primary energy consumption and its environmental consequences in the United Arab Emirates. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007, 11(3): 426–446
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.01.008
|
25 |
Y Eissa, M Chiesa, H Ghedira. Assessment and recalibration of the Heliosat-2 method in global horizontal irradiance modeling over the desert environment of the UAE. Solar Energy, 2012, 86(6): 1816–1825
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.03.005
|
26 |
A Dorvlo, J Jervase, A Al-Lawati. Solar radiation estimation using artificial neural networks. Applied Energy, 2002, 71(4): 307–319
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00016-8
|
27 |
A Assi, M Shamisi, H Hejase. Matlab tool for predicting the global solar radiation in UAE. In: Proceedings of the Renewable Energies for Developing Countries. Beirut, Lebanon, 2012:1–8
|
28 |
Y M El-Sayed. The rising potential of competitive solar desalination. Desalination, 2007, 216(1–3): 314–324
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.009
|
29 |
Y Eissa. Developing and validating atellite-based models for solar irradiance retrieval over desert environments: UAE case study. Masdar Institute’s Thesis Database, 2012
|
30 |
Z M Tahboub. Understanding the factors that affect the utilization photovoltaics in high atmospheric dust concentration region. 2011,
|
31 |
A Mokri, M Aal Ali, M Emziane. Solar energy in the United Arab Emirates: a review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 28: 340–375
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.038
|
32 |
Janajreh I, Su L, Alan F. Wind energy assessment: Masdar City case study. Renewable Energy, 2013, 52: 8–15
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.025
|
33 |
I J Bachellerie. Renewable energy in the GCC countries: resources, potential and prospects. Gulf Research Center, Dubai, 2012
|
34 |
M N H Comsan. Solar energy perspectives in Egypt. In: Proceedings of the 4th Environmental Physics Conference. Hurghada, Egypt, 2010: 3
|
35 |
M EL-Shimy . Viability analysis of PV power plants in Egypt. Renewable Energy, 2009, 34(10): 2187–2196
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.01.010
|
36 |
A S Ahmed Shata, R Hanitsch. Evaluation of wind energy potential and electricity generation on the coast of Mediterranean Sea in Egypt. Renewable Energy, 2006, 31(8): 1183–1202
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.06.015
|
37 |
H K Ahmed, M Abouzeid. Utilization of wind energy in Egypt at remote areas. Renewable Energy, 2001, 23(3-4): 595–604
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(00)00132-4
|
38 |
N G Mortensen, U Said. Wind atlas for the Gulf of Suez, Arab Republic of Egypt. Measurements and modelling 1991–1995. In: Proceedings of European Union Wind Energy Conference. Sweden (Göteborg): H. S. Stephens & Associates, Ltd, 1996: 623–626.
|
39 |
A S Ahmed Shata, R Hanitsch. The potential of electricity generation on the east coast of Red Sea in Egypt. Renewable Energy, 2006, 31(10): 1597–1615
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.09.026
|
40 |
CAS. Energy production. 2003, available at the website of cas
|
41 |
A Mourtada. Mediterranean solar (hot) spot – preparation phase – Lebanon fact sheet. 2011–06–30,
|
42 |
World Bank. Lebanon social impact analysis-electricity and water sectors, Report No. 48993-LB. 2009
|
43 |
R B Chedid. Policy development for solar water heaters: the case of Lebanon. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43(1): 77–86
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00008-5
|
44 |
A Houri, S I Korfali. Solar thermal collectors perception and application in developing countries. In: Proceedings of ISES Conference. Gothenburg, Sweden, 2003
|
45 |
C Abi Said. Electric energy & energy policy in Lebanon. Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD), 2005
|
46 |
Green Line Association. Status and potentials of renewable energy technologies in Lebanon and the region (Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Syria). 2007,
|
47 |
World Bank. Lebanon social impact analysis-electricity and water sectors. Report No. 48993-LB, 2009
|
48 |
F Fardoun, O Ibrahim, R Younes, H Louahlia-Gualous. Electricity of Lebanon: problems and recommendations. Energy Procedia, 2012, 19: 310–320
|
49 |
G Kamar. Overview of Lebanon’s renewable energy programme. Presented at Renewable Energy Seminar. Jefinor Rotana, Beirut, Lebanon, 2004
|
50 |
A Houri. Renewable energy resources in Lebanon: practical applications. ISESCO Science and Technology Vision, 2005, 1: 65–68
|
51 |
H Beheshti. Exploring renewable energy policy Lebanon: feed-in tariff as a policy tool in the electricity sector. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 2010.
|
52 |
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The national wind at lasof Lebanon. A report prepared by Garrad Hassan for the United Nations Development Program(UNDP)–CEDRO Project, 2011
|
53 |
International Energy Agency (IEA). Middle East Report. Paris: OECD/ IEA, 2006
|
54 |
Middle East Institute. Iran’s renewable energy potential. 2016, available at the website of mei
|
55 |
US Energy Information Administration (EIA). International energy data and analysis Report. 2015–06, available at the website of eia
|
56 |
M Bahrami, P Abbaszadeh. An overview of renewable energies in Iran. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 24: 198–208
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.043
|
57 |
The Wind Power. General data (Iran). 2016,
|
58 |
N Afsharzade, A Papzan, M Ashjaee, S Delangizan, S van Passel, H Azadi. Renewable energy development in rural areas of Iran. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 65: 743–755
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.042
|
59 |
G Najafi, B Ghobadian, R Mamat, T Yusaf, W H Azmi. Solar energy in Iran: current state and outlook. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 49: 931–942
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.056
|
60 |
International Hydropower Association (IHA). 2015 Hydropower Status Report. 2015,
|
61 |
D Fadai. Utilization of renewable energy sources for power generation in Iran. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007, 11(1): 173–181
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.01.011
|
62 |
N E F Bloomberg. Turkey’s Renewable Power 2014 Report. 2015,
|
63 |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Turkey. Turkey’s energy profile and strategy. available at the website of mfa
|
64 |
M Melikoglu. The role of renewables and nuclear energy in Turkey’s Vision 2023 energy targets: economic and technical scrutiny. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 62: 1–12
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.029
|
65 |
GWEC. Global Wind Statistics 2014. 2015–02,
|
66 |
The Wind Power. General data (Turkey). 2016, available at the website of thewindpower
|
67 |
Ren21. Renewables 2015 Global Status Report. 2015–06,
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|