Research on flood evacuation route planning for dam failure accidents based on coupling of flood-road network information

Abstract

[Objective] The floods caused by dam failures exhibit strong impact forces, extensive inundation areas, fast flow velocities, and great destructive power. They pose a significant threat to public life, property safety, and social and environmental stability in downstream areas. To improve evacuation efficiency in dam failure accidents, it is crucial to conduct research on flood evacuation route planning. [Methods] Minimum evacuation time and lowest public safety risks during evacuation were set as the goals, and the dynamic flooding propagation caused by dam failures was used as a constraint. By using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) tilt photogrammetry technology to map the road network in the downstream of the reservoir and integrating it with flooding propagation data, a coupling model of flood-road network information was developed. Then, using this model and Dijkstra's algorithm, a flood evacuation route planning method was proposed, which was further validated through a case study of the Shanmei Reservoir in Fujian, China. [Results] The result shows that based on the dynamic process of road network failure in the downstream of Shanmei Reservoir, four evacuation plans were designed for 8 disaster-affected sites, with 13 evacuation routes in total. All evacuees from disaster-affected sites successfully avoided floods during the evacuation. [Conclusion] The findings demonstrate that the flood evacuation route planning method for dam failure accidents based on coupling flood and road network information effectively ensures evacuation route safety and meets both safety and timeliness requirements of emergency management for flood evacuation routes in the event of dam failure accidents.

Keywords

dam failure accident / flood / flood-road network information / route planning / emergency evacuation / 3D simulation / Dijkstra Algorithm / UAV obliqee photogrammetry