Vibration response and safety control for blasting vibration of the existing tunnel with defects

Abstract

Current studies on blasting construction of small clear-distance tunnels have not considered the impact of existing tunnel lining defects when establishing safety controls. This paper offers a series of study results based on the blasting project of a new tunnel adjacent to the existing defect Xinling tunnel to thoroughly examine the dynamic response, safety control standards, and measures of the existing defect tunnel. First, structural models were developed to investigate the influence of the presence or absence of specific defects (like lining cracks and cavities behind the lining) on the dynamic response of the current tunnel lining to identify the most unfavorable defect distribution. Then, establish safety control standards for intact linings and those with the most unfavorable defects. Eventually, two types of control measures, single safe charge and reasonable delay time, were studied based on the established safety control standards. In particular, the most adverse position of cracks was the wall facing the explosion, the rise in depth was more unfavorable for vibration response, and the impact of the longitudinal crack was restricted to the vicinity of the crack. While the vault was the most adverse cavity position, the rise in cavity area was more damaging, and the influence range varied with longitudinal cavity length. Moreover, the impact of cracks was mainly evident in the amplification effect of stress at the crack region. In contrast, cavities had varied degrees of amplification effects on the vibration velocity and stress response and a relatively extensive influence range. Safety control research was conducted, when the tunnel was intact, with a right wall crack, a vault cavity, and both vault cavity and crack for this project, the peak particle velocity (PPV) of the safety control standard for vibration velocity was 13, 10, 13, and 8 cm/s, respectively, and the respective single safe charge could be adjusted at 64, 53, 37, and 25 kg. However, the presence of different defects had a relatively negligible effect on the reasonable delay time; 25 ms was recommended for existing tunnel lining with and without the defect.

Keywords

Existing tunnel / Defect / Blasting construction / Vibration response / Control standards and measures

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2034205, and 52178397). And the authors gratefully acknowledge Home for Researchers editorial team (www.home-for-researchers.com) for language editing service.

References

[1] Ajit, B., & Ahmet, K. (2004). Influence of carrier and gear manufacturing errors on the static load sharing behavior of planetary gear sets. JSME International Journal Series C, 47(3), 908-915.

[2] Chen, F., He, G. S., Dong, S., Zhao, S. J., Shi, L., Liu, X.,... Zhang, J. (2021). Space-time effect prediction of blasting vibration based on intelligent automatic blasting vibration monitoring system. Applied Sciences, 12(1), 12.

[3] Chen, H. H., & Zhang, L. Y. (2022). A machine learning-based method for predicting end-bearing capacity of rock-socketed shafts. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 55(3), 1743-1757.

[4] Chen, R. P., Yin, X. S., Tang, L. J., & Chen, Y. M. (2018). Centrifugal model tests on face failure of earth pressure balance shield induced by steady state seepage in saturated sandy silt ground. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 81, 315-325.

[5] China National Standardization Management Committee & General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. (2014). Safety regulations for blasting GB 6722—2014.

[6] Standards Press of China, Beijing, China. Dai, J. (2002). Dynamic characteristics and blasting theory of rock. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press (in Chinese).

[7] Deng, X. H., Wang, J. Y., Wang, R., & Liu, Q. (2020). Influence of blasting vibrations generated by tunnel construction on an existing road. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 18(12), 1381-1393.

[8] Deng, X. F., Zhu, J. B., Chen, S. G., Zhao, Z. Y., Zhou, Y. X., & Zhao, J. (2014). Numerical study on tunnel damage subject to blast-induced shock wave in jointed rock masses. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 43, 88-100.

[9] Duan, B. F., Zhang, Z. X., Zhang, C. W., & Sun, Z. J. (2022). Analysis and application of vibration damping hole in tunnel working face based on grey correlation analysis. Shock and Vibration, 2022, 8442130.

[10] Feldgun, V. R., Karinski, Y. S., & Yankelevsky, D. Z. (2014). The effect of an explosion in a tunnel on a neighboring buried structure. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 44, 42-55.

[11] Ghanooni-Bagha, M., Shayanfar, M. A., Shirzadi-Javid, A. A., & Ziaadiny, H. (2016). Corrosion-induced reduction in compressive strength of self-compacting concretes containing mineral admixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 113, 221-228.

[12] Guo, D., Xiao, W. H., Guo, D., & Lu, Y. (2022). Numerical simulation of surface vibration propagation in tunnel blasting. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 3748802.

[13] Jia, Y. L., Xia, Y. X., Chen, X. D., Zhou, Y. D., Han, X. B., & Zhou, S. W. (2019). Force and Deformation Characteristics during the Reconstruction and Expansion of Shallow Single-Tube Tunnels into Large- Span Multiarch Tunnels. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, 2783784.

[14] Jiang, N., & Zhou, C. B. (2012). Blasting vibration safety criterion for a tunnel liner structure. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 32, 52-57.

[15] Kim, J., & Song, J. (2015). Abrasive water jet cutting methods for reducing blast-induced ground vibration in tunnel excavation. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 75, 147-158.

[16] Lei, M. F., He, R., Liu, L. H., Sun, N. X., Qin, G. F., & Zhang, Y. L. (2022). Mechanical mechanism and shaping effect of tunnel blasting construction in rock with weak interlayer. Sustainability, 14(20), 13278.

[17] Lin, X. T., Chen, R. P., Wu, H. N., & Cheng, H. Z. (2019). Deformation behaviors of existing tunnels caused by shield tunneling undercrossing with oblique angle. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 89, 78-90.

[18] Liu, J., Zhao, Z. Y., Lyu, C. S., Ding, Y. F., Chang, H. L., & Xie, Q. Y. (2022). An image enhancement algorithm to improve road tunnel crack transfer detection. Construction and Building Materials, 348, 128583.

[19] Liu, Z. H., Jiang, N., Sun, J. S., Xia, Y. Q., & Lyu, G. P. (2020). Influence of tunnel blasting construction on adjacent highway tunnel: A case study in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Protective Structures, 11(3), 283-303.

[20] Lu, J. H., Zhu, R. P., & Jin, G. H. (2009). Analysis of dynamic load sharing behavior in planetary gearing. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 45(5), 85-90 (in Chinese).

[21] Peng, Y. X., Liu, G. J., Wu, L., Zuo, Q. J., Liu, Y. S., & Zhang, C. (2021). Comparative study on tunnel blast-induced vibration for the underground cavern group. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80(2), 68.

[22] Shan, R. L., Zhao, Y., Wang, H. L., Liu, Z. F., & Qin, H. F. (2023). Blasting vibration response and safety control of mountain tunnel. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 82(5), 166.

[23] Shi, C. H., Zhao, Q. J., Lei, M. F., & Peng, M. L. (2019). Vibration velocity control standard of buried pipeline under blast loading of adjacent tunnel. Soils and Foundations, 59, 2195-2205.

[24] Singh, P. K., Roy, M. P., Paswan, R. K., Dubey, R. K., & Drebenstedt, C. (2015). Blast vibration effects in an underground mine caused by openpit mining. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 80, 79-88.

[25] Tao, M., Li, X. B., & Wu, C. Q. (2013). 3D numerical model for dynamic loading-induced multiple fracture zones around underground cavity faces. Computers and Geotechnics, 54, 33-45.

[26] Tian, X. X., Song, Z. P., & Wang, J. B. (2019). Study on the propagation law of tunnel blasting vibration in stratum and blasting vibration reduction technology. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 126, 105813.

[27] Voznesenskii, A. S., & Nabatov, V. V. (2017). Identification of filler type in cavities behind tunnel linings during a subway tunnel surveys using the impulse-response method. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 70, 254-261.

[28] Wang, B., & Fu, W. (2012). Study on the existing cavity-disease tunnel influenced by blasting vibration of the newly built tunnel. Advanced Materials Research, 594-597, 1347-1350.

[29] Wang, S., Wu, Z., & Dong, W. (1980). Elastic wave test of rock mass in hydropower project. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).

[30] Wang, X., Li, J. C., Zhao, X. B., & Liang, Y. (2022). Propagation characteristics and prediction of blast-induced vibration on closely spaced rock tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 123, 104416.

[31] Wang, Z. D., Ma, Z. Y., Xia, Y. Y., Zhou, X., Lin, M. Q., Li, J., & Wang, J. Y. (2021). Testing method for the range of fracture zone of rock slope under blasting load. Shock and Vibration, 2021, 5574696.

[32] Xia, X., Li, H. B., Liu, Y. Q., & Yu, C. (2018). A case study on the cavity effect of a water tunnel on the ground vibrations induced by excavating blasts. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 71, 292-297.

[33] Yang, J. H., Cai, J. Y., Yao, C., Li, P., Jiang, Q. H., & Zhou, C. B. (2019). Comparative study of tunnel blast-induced vibration on tunnel surfaces and inside surrounding rock. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52(11), 4747-4761.

[34] Zhang, Z., Zhou, C. B., Lu, S. W., Jiang, N., & Wu, C. (2017). Dynamic response characteristic of adjacent buried concrete pipeline subjected to blasting vibration. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 49(9), 79-84 (in Chinese).

[35] Zhao, H. B., Long, Y., Li, X. H., & Lu, L. (2016). Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of blast-induced vibration from adjacent tunnel on existing tunnel. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20, 431-439.

[36] Zhu, J. B., Zhao, R., Li, Y. S., Ma, Y. K., Wang, J. X., Peng, Q., & Guo, J. (2022). Experimental study of vibration reduction effect of barrier holes under blasting. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 56(2), 1185-1198.