Ionogel-Dominated Wearable Sensors for Reliable Health Monitoring

Abstract

Ionogels have garnered significant attention in soft electronics, sensors, and biomedicine due to their combination of flexibility, thermal stability, and ionic conductivity. Nonetheless, challenges associated with designing ionogels with reliable properties for health monitoring scenarios still remain. This review offers a novel perspective on the development of wearable sensors for health monitoring by comprehensively examining ionogel synthesis methodologies, highlighting critical performance parameters, and exploring underexplored applications. First, the design principles governing polymer network optimization and advanced manufacturing techniques for ionogels are elucidated. Then, the strategies for enhancing critical performance are discussed, followed by an exploration of specific application scenarios, including noninvasive biochemical analysis, real-time motion monitoring, and disease-specific assessments. Finally, an outlook on future challenges and opportunities in the emerging field of ionogels is provided. The establishment of a hierarchical health monitoring framework that integrates molecular-, individual-, and systemic-level perspectives offers readers a unique and in-depth understanding, which advances the comprehension of this emerging field.

Keywords

health monitoring / ionogels / ionic liquids / wearable sensors

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