Heterotrimeric G-proteins: multi-dimensional regulation in plant growth, development and abiotic stress responses

Abstract

Heterotrimeric G-proteins, comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, act as crucial molecular switches for signaling transduction in all eukaryotic organisms. Through precise modulation of specific receptors or effectors coupled with heterotrimeric G-proteins in signaling cascades, plants have the capability to activate or suppress unique signaling pathways necessary for plant growth, development, and stress responses. This review provides an overview of the heterotrimeric G-proteins signaling pathway obtained to date, and highlights novel areas for future exploration and agricultural application based on the emerging significance and potential of heterotrimeric G proteins in regulating plant development and responses to abiotic stress.

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