Global dispersal and adaptive evolution of domestic cattle: a genomic perspective

Abstract

Domestic cattle have spread across the globe and inhabit variable and unpredictable environments. They have been exposed to a plethora of selective pressures and have adapted to a variety of local ecological and management conditions, including UV exposure, diseases, and stall-feeding systems. These selective pressures have resulted in unique and important phenotypic and genetic differences among modern cattle breeds/populations. Ongoing efforts to sequence the genomes of local and commercial cattle breeds/populations, along with the growing availability of ancient bovid DNA data, have significantly advanced our understanding of the genomic architecture, recent evolution of complex traits, common diseases, and local adaptation in cattle. Here, we review the origin and spread of domestic cattle and illustrate the environmental adaptations of local cattle breeds/populations.

Keywords

Cattle / Origin / Domestication / Migration route / Environmental adaptation / Selective pressure

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Funding

China Agriculture Research System-the National Beef Cattle and Yak Industrial Technology System(CARS-37); National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102523); Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M683587); Shaanxi Youth Science and Technology New Star(2022KJXX-77); Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JQ-137); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Scientific Research Fund of Department of Education of Yunnan(2022J0830)