In this paper, the study on family collection, gene mapping, gene identification and gene function of human genetic diseases carried out in the National Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, were described in detail. Using G-banding technique a marker chromosome t (1; 3) (q44; p11) associated with nasopharyngeal cancer was found in 1975 at first, and human TDF gene was mapped to chromosome Yp11. 32 in 1981. Since 1991, 590 families with 345 kind of genetic diseases were collected. In 1998, GJB3, a human genetic neurological deafness gene, was identified using a novel strategy of “Gene Family-Candidate Disease Gene Cloning”，and the paper was published in Nature Genetics (20： 370). In 1999, by linkage analysis and Genome Wide Scanning, a locus responsible for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) was identified at Chromosome 12q23. 2 - 24. 1; and at the same year a novel protein trafficking gene was also cloned from gene function study.
Chinese food has been further developed thanks to the continuous growth of Chinese agriculture. As a result, oriental food structure which adapts to China´s conditions has been formed, and become a unique style among the world food. In the past decades, the continuous increase of Chinese agriculture production has made a stable supply to food resource, and the per capita amount of major food resources has reached the world average level, some of them are even higher. The rich and diversified agricultural resources have provided advantageous conditions for food development. The further development of Chinese food will depend much more on the progress of science and technology. Through the cooperation and combination with the life science and other branches of science, agricultural science will be updated dramatically in both its depth and width, which will also promote the creation and development of a new food industry.
ESD has become one of the common hazards in information times. It is not only the ignition or detonation source at hazardous area, but also the EMI source for information equipment. In this paper, ESD hazards and its characteristics, effect mechanism and basic conditions to form electrostatic hazards are described. The success and development in electrostatic protection engineering in China are introduced. The test principle of “signal self-shielding and charge coupling”, test method of the real electrostatic sensitivity and friction potential decay of fabric, test technique of electrostatic dynamic potential on human body, etc. , are presented. And the classification standard and protection measures at electrostatic hazardous area, the logical configuration to forecast electrostatic hazards and the general principle and measures to be taken for electrostatic protection have been built up. Part of the experimental data is provided in this paper, and the current problems and development trends are introduced.
The medical protection of chemical and biological ( CB ) weapons is one of the most important categories of military medicine. An realized risk of chemical and biological threat still remain in the 21st century. The rapid progress in biotechnology and other related R&D may provide new change in CB weapon technologies, which will make a great challenge to medical protection in the future. In this paper, the status of CB weapons, CB disarmament and trends in CB defense technology are introduced, and discussions on the key concerns of CB defense and medical protection in the future are presented.
After nearly 30 years investigation, 82 gas hydrate mineral fields have been discovered in different oceans in the world. It is estimated by the geo - scientists that the bearing amount of carbon in methane in gas hydrate is twice of that in all cruel oil, natural gas and coal in the world. The reserve resources of petrolem and natural gas, may exist at most several decades in the future. Thus the scientists have regard gas hydrate as a new future energy. According to the result of the investigation by high - resolution seismic methods, the continental slope area in northern South China Sea demonstrates obvious geophysical mark of bearing gas hydrate.
The design and application of semi-circular breakwaters and estuary jetties at Tianjin Port and in the Deep Water Channel Improvement Project of Yangtze River Estuary are introduced in the present paper. The study of wave forces acting on semi-circular breakwater as well as the development of the structure of semicircular breakwater are also discussed.
The cutting technique is the most widely used technology in machining field and the focus of the majority of cutting technology research has been directed toward high-speed machining. For superhard materials machining, the main trend is the development of new combined technology of grinding, ultrasonic machining (USM) , electrical-discharge machining (EDM) and others. The theoretical and technical research work and results on high efficiency machining and high efficiency combined technology are presented in the paper. They include mainly the fundamental theory of high-speed machining, new system for development of ceramic cutting tool materials as well as the theories and techniques of electrical-discharge grinding machining (EDGM), combined technology of ultrasonic machining (USM) and electrical-discharge machining (EDM) for superhard materials. The results used in practice show that the developed high efficiency machining technologies may greatly promote the machining efficiency, improve the surface quality and reduce the machining cost.
The 2 400 MW Guangzhou pumped storage project became fully operational in March 2000, thus establishing itself as the biggest of its kind in the world.
Based upon successful experiences with the project, the author spotlights the management practices in the four parts: that is project management improvements, reforms on construction management, reforms on plant operation management and reforms on business strategy. Thanks to the above-said reform efforts, the project turns out to be quite a success in terms of cost saving, fast progress, good engineering quality, rich returns plus a friendly environment.
Plates and shells are excellent structural elements. Analys of plates and shells is an important branch in modern solid mechanics. It plays a guiding role in many fields because of its wide application to almost all the engineering design, especially to astronautics, aeronautics, marine, machinery, petrochemical industry, architecture, water conservancy, power, instruments and transportation. Analysis of plates and shells originates from the 18th century with the development of industry. In the 20th century , the rocketing development of industry greatly stimulated the development and application of this subject. Now, the classical linear theory of thin plates and shells has matured and already been playing a decisive role in many engineering designs. However, there are still many problems left to be solved in the fields on nonlinear theory of thin plates and shells, and linear theory of thick plates and shells. Based on introduction of the history of development of this subject, this paper gives a brief account of the exploration the author did in nearly forty years, which has been well applied to engineering problems, in the areas of nonlinear bending, stability and vibration of thin plates and shells such as corrugated plates and shells, one-layer plates and shells, bimetallic shallow shells of revolution, latticed shallow shells, sandwich plates and shells, and laminated composite plates and shells. The paper also gives an introduction of the author's work on the linear bending of both thick and thin plates and shells.
Staphylokinase has strong tendency to polymerize, which may hamper its clinical use. On the basis of crystal structure of staphylokinase, the dimer structure was modeled by software GRAMM V1.03 with high-resolution generic docking parameters. Two kinds of binding interfaces were generated, mainly linked by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds. The computer model of staphylokinase dimer provides a template for the design of improved staphylokinase without tendency to form polymer. A novel variant of staphylokinase (RGD-Sak) was designed based on the model. RGD-Sak gene was constructed by substitution mutagenesis of Lys-109 and Phe-111 with Arg-109 and Asp 111 respectively, confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. The mutant cDNA was ligated with prokaryotic expression vector pLY-4 and transformed into E. Coli JF1125. After temperature induction, over 50% expression level of RGD-Sak was achieved. RGD-Sak was isolated and purified by washing and solubilization of inclusion body, renaturation and ion exchange chromatography. The final product displayed a single band with a corresponding molecular weight of 15.5 kD in non-reducing SDS-PAGE with 95% of purity and 5×104 HU/mg of specific activity. The KM、Kcat value for the activation of plasminogen with RGD-Sak was 12.40 μmol L-1 、0.81 s-1, respectively. RGD-Sak show lower tendency to polymerize after incubated with 0.9% NaCl. This study provided the basis for further reconstruction of Sak by protein engineering.
Self-sensitization theory of expanded ammonium nitrate (AN) is the key point of the present innovation .On the basis of heat points initiating mechanism of explosion, micro air bubble is embedded in explosive of expanded AN. the theoretical basis of self-sensitization is provided through calculation of critical heat point temperature of micro air bubble. Comparing expanded AN with common AN and pearlstone, the micro air bubble distribution and its regularity in expanded AN are given which provide powerful basis assurance for its success of self-sensitization.
In this paper, the application of box floor as submerged camel to hydraulics structures being constructed ,such as sluice gates only temporarily adjusted, water works in the place where the streams being intersected, locks with broad chamber , etc. , is introduced. The sites of these structures are to be on a straight stretch where the diverting of the rivers are not permitted and the widths of chambers of them are equal to the river bed.
The concrete of the chamber and the embedded parts of the chamber as will as the gates with their hoist are completed in a yards where they are prefabricated. The chamber is moved in submerged state to the site. These hydraulic structures are cheaper than those that are constructed in dry sites with the diversion works.
The Value Added Tax (AVT) anti-fake and control system, which is one of the main parts of the National Golden Taxes Project, is developed for VAT supervising and preventing the tricks in VAT invoice that lead to the tax evasion. A special data encryption mechanism is adopted in the system to implement the detection and countercheck of the fake invoices. The “black box”，which is the combination of microprocessor, DSP, smart IC card and flash memory, can realize taxation supervising from the sources of the tax and invoice. The invention and popularization of the system greatly benefit the taxation and government finance. The system has been contributive to the national tax supervision.
As an especial commercial encryption application, the system must work properly under all kinds of complex condition. To obtain high security, the system adopts a systematic security design technique according to the secure model for the system in respect of the kernel hardware, encryption algorithm, key management, device connection channels protection, running conditions, information recording and auditing, system function and system management. The system now is proved safe enough to defend the attacks from the criminal organizations as well as any persons from the tax departments.
In This article the progress of the operational system for meteorological prediction in China were reviewed. In particular, the major R & D achievements in NWP operational system are summarized. Some key experiences for modernization of meteorological services in China are discussed. Finally, the outlook of future meteorological prediction systems in the 21st century are addressed briefly.