This paper discusses the following questions： (1) What is the characteristics of the present industrial revolution? (2)How to understand the relations between the industrial revolution and social development ? (3) What are the theoretical innovations in Qian's discussion on the new industrial revolution?
This article briefly explains the science outlook of Qian Xuesen. It thinks that science is the scholarship of recognizing the world. Science is a complex dynamic network system. The social function of science is to benefit humanity. It probes into the dialectical relation between modern science and technology and Marxist philosophy. It studies the problem of science and technology and the fostering of talented persons.
Space exploitation is one of the most important areas in human's activities in the 21st century. In the next 20 years, application satellite and satellite application is still the dominant field in space exploitation. It will make great influences on human society, economy and military. Considering China's national situation and based on the past 40 years of experience, the author proposes suggestions for the technique way of satellite engineering. T6 build-up some application satellite systems for long-term stable operation is the main target among all. The application satellite will be the base of such systems. Satellite engineering design has to be done from top level with considering simultaneously the large system and the integration of space and ground segment. The shortcut of developing satellite is to use common platform and to use the parts of three standardization (generalization, serialization, modularization). So the satellite products can be obtained with a faster, better and more e-conomic results. To narrow the gap with the international technique level, China has to strengthen the prestudy, attach importance to technical innovation, develop new platform, new payload and new satellite, and realize the development with a jump step. To achieve these goals the operation mechanism and management pattern should be reformed and the translation from the research institute system to modern enterprise system should be realized.
Polymer-base advanced composites have been widely used in aerospace industries. Low cost production of composites airframe structure is the burning issue of today in aerospace industry at home and abroad. This paper gives a summarized account of effective approach for reducing cost in engineering view. They are： enhance allowable strain value through modifying toughness of resin as matrix of composite, realizing integration of structure as could as possible, and using technology of resin infusion and electron beam curing.
This paper briefly reviews technical progress of polypropylene over nearly half century and summatizes the main technology progress of polypropylene in China and abroad, while simply researching into the future development direction of polypropylene technology in China.
This paper briefly introduces the current situation and tendency of environmental pollution research on toxic chemicals and its prevention at home and abroad. Also, it analyzes the domestic pollution status about environmental carriers. It points out that toxic chemical substance pollution is a safety problem of a country and illustrates its importance and urgency. It makes a suggestion to carry out investigation, and collect enough information so as to formulata regulation and standards and enhance supervision and prevention.
Using modern information technology and artificial intelligence to achieve the condition based maintenance and predictive maintenance is one of the important ways to reduce the production cost in the process industries. The real-time monitoring network and artificial intelligent diagnosis technology for mechanical-electric plant was outlined in this paper. The Ethernet and FDDI based real-time monitoring network developed for compressors and pumps in petrochemical plants was introduced briefly. The black-gray-white gathering diagnosis method was given for the first time on the bases of approach to fault mechanism and distinctive symptoms. The mechanical fault diagnosis expert system based on black-gray-white gathering distinguishing sieve method developed in this work yields satisfactory results in the engineering practice.
In this paper, a novel extension controller based on the scheme of sliding mode control is investigated. The control strategy of the proposed controller is divided into two parts. One part is the equivalent control of sliding mode control. It can be directly obtained from the known nominal system. The other part is the well-known robust control. This control term is used to compensate the system uncertainty and external disturbance. By integrating the essential concept of extension set theory with the sliding mode control , the robust extension controller can be easily realized. In this study, a basic extension controller is organized first without any specific expert knowledge about the controlled system. The extension dependent functions are employed to provide system states´ information under control. A set of parameter is incorporated in the extension controller so that a robust control, also called as a hitting control, is established to guarantee the system robust stability. Actually, the proposed extension controller is stable in the sense of the Lyapunov. Finally, the proposed extension controller is applied to controlling a nonlinear system to verify its effectiveness and ability.
The paper analyzes common methods for the optimal scheduling modeling problem of variable-pressure variable-flow operation of inverter-drive pumps connected in parallel and compares the merits and defects of them. In the common method, the objective function is the shaft horsepower of the pumps and the constrained conditions are water supply target and high-efficiency area of pumps. In another method, the objective function is the square of the difference between the actual and needed flow when satisfying the lift target and the constrained conditions are high-efficiency areas of pumps. The paper proposes a new modeling method, which is compatible with the actual operation and has higher precision and satisfies the engineering requirement on lower switching frequency. Simulation results have proved its validity.
In this paper, expansion process of AN is described, its physical chemical parameters are calculated and determined, the influeucing factors of AN expansion process are studied and a possible mechanism of expansion process is also given.
By means of lab test, enlarged test and industrial test of biopurifying the waste gas containing toluene (VOC) in low concentration, the biopurifying technology of organic waste gas was researched systematically. In a rubber-regeneration factory, the industrial test on purifying the low concentration organic waste gas (containing sulfur) from rubber-regeneration process by using biochemical method was carried through. For the waste gas containing toluene in a range of 300 〜1400 mg/m3, the industrial test device showed a good purification capacity. The result of 100 d test running with the device indicated that the purification efficiency of toluene in the rubber-regeneration waste gas could be kept at 90 % for a long time and the treated waste gas could be discharged in the situation of satisfying the National Emission Standard. The biopurifying technology of waste gas displayed its good advancement of technology and rationality of economy.
Yunnan Smelter (Yunnan copper Co., Ltd.), built in early 1960s, is mainly engaged in smelting of copper concentrate with electric furnace. There had been problems since putting into operation, such as high energy consumption, poor utilization of SO2, serious environmental pollution and high operating cost. By persistent technical upgrading and innovation in the past two decades, especially the introduction of the advanced oxygen-enriched top-blown bath smelting to replace the electric furnace smelting, the enterprise has been enhanced rapidly. It is expected that by 2002 the smelter will become one of China´s three major copper enterprises, and may rank among the top twenty copper producers in the world. By that time the “three waste” disposal will meet the environment requirements, hence clean production will be realized in the plant, and electric power consumption for blister copper will drop from 2314 kWh/t to 1542 kWh/t and, accordingly, the operating cost will be lowered greatly.
Three solutions to the pollution problems of iron and steel industry in China have been discussed, among which clean production is obviously the best choice. As a“green” steel mill has been successfully established in South Africa, a new smelting reduction process based on rebuilding the present blast furnace into a multi-layer fluidized moving bed has been proposed according to the present situation of iron and steel making industry in China.
This paper tries to use the theory of modern management to analyze virtual corporation, the new form of enterprises in the era of knowledge economy, iucluding its emergence and development, its type and characteristics as well as its superiority over traditional enterprise. The authors put forward their opinion on how to accelerate the virtual corporation in China.
In this paper, new development about the study of dispersion-compensable low transmission loss optical fiber, nonzero dispersion displacement optical fiber, and carbon-coated or silicon nitride-coated optical fiber (applied in bad environment) was comprehensively introduced. Then the manufacture technology of band optical fiber including its structure, coatings, properties and manufacture process was reviewed. Multi-core optical fiber band cable manufacture technology such as twisted loose-tube, center loose-tube, frame, dry core band optical cable was also discussed.