This paper discusses the influence of aviation on the environment and the environmental protection technology. It also analyzes the pollution of aircraft emissions to the atmosphere and the effect of aviation noise. The ways to control aircraft emissions and noise are studied. The technologies and management measures to reduce aviation emissions are recommended.
Information Technology (IT) in manufacturing is an important item of 10th Five-year Economic Development Program in China. The trends, goals and roles of IT in manufacturing are presented. It points out that reducing waste and improving effectiveness and competency of Chinese manufacturing enterprises are the basic goals. The potential and contents of IT in manufacturing business processes are discussed in detail. Some implementation strategies of IT in Chinese manufacturing enterprises are given in general.
This paper reviewed the history of schistosomiasis prevention, analysed the accomplishment and problems of schistosomiasis prevention in China, and brought forward the theory of the beaches snails outwipping forest ecological engineering. The study focused on beaches with severe schistosomiasis probanation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in order to carry out snail outwipping forest ecological engineering, to change the environmental factors on beaches, to reduce or eliminate the snails(oncomelania)-the only host of Schistomata japonica , and to enhance the environmental and economical benefits. Thesis systematically studied the distribution of beaches along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the relationship between environmental factors and distribution and density of oncomelania, the successional pattern of the beach vegetation, the transformation approaches and bio-productivity of the existing beach vegetation types, and the structure and function of the snail outwipping agroforestry ecosystems.
From the development trend and rate of world photovoltaic (PV) industry and the difference between China and the world and the challenge faced by getting into WTO, this paper analyzes the development strategy and rate of China's PV industry which should be adopted. The analysis shows that world PV industry development will speed up with an average increase of 28.5% during 2000 - 2010. If china can seize the opportunity of “getting into WTO” to speed up its PV industry with an average increase rate of 35% per year during the same period, the Chinese PV Industry may catch up with world average level in terms of the cost of PV electricity. The preliminary prediction of the development in the earlier stage of 21st century and the analysis of driving measures for realizing the strategy plot are made in this paper as well.
Welding arc is full of spectral information. Studying and utilizing the information to diagnose and control the welding arc is the most effective way to develop and improve the welding technology. Furthermore, it can be used to study and control other relative physical phenomena (such as gaseous plasma, laser processing plasma, underwater plasma arc, etc.). It is of great theoretical and practical significance. This paper has summarized the developing situation of the research on this field, expounded the principle of measurement and control by welding arc spectral information, described the application situation of welding arc spectral information, for example, the arc diagnosis, monitoring of arc atmosphere, imaging of arc welding region and control of droplet transfer in pulsed MIG welding, etc. At the same time, the authors have also introduced the application of arc spectral information in the development of plasma technology, such as in the development of plasma torch with carbon electrode and in the judgement of local thermodynamic equilibrium of underwater plasma arc. At last the authors have put forward some points of basic view on the technology and pointed out its developing direction.
Since reform and opening up to the outside world, Chinese feed industry and animal husbandry have been greatly developed. However after entering WTO and on the road of continues development,there are still various unfavorable conditions to which much attention should be paid. It is necessary to sum up experience conscientiously in the past 20 years, and proceed from national condition to quicken the pace of standardization in feed industry. The standardization of Chinese feed industry will be in line with the International standardization as soon as possible. When new products developed, the management of product quality should be tightened up. Ecological benefits must be put in the first place in the standard of environmental management.
In the article, the application of biological technique in the scientific research of sheep husbandry is introduced. It involves frozen semen, embryo transfer, embryo freezing preservation, embryo splitting, in vitro fertilization, nuclear transfer and cloned embryo, gene transfer and so on. The application of biological technique not only improves the level of sheep breeding and production, but also brings about obvious economical results. Meanwhile, new ways and channels are opened up for scientific research and production in sheep husbandry by the development and maturation of biological technique.
This paper describes a series of expectations and experiments on the negative energy notion. The aim is to find the relation between the faster-than-light research and the negative energy concepts.
By using the techniques of expert system of artificial intelligence, three different water saving irrigation management decision-making support systems have been developed and integrated, namely Irrigation forecast and decision making of water saving irrigation, planning water use and water distribution in an irrigation district, and management system reform in irrigation district. Meanwhile, the theoretic basis, systems structures and practica applications and the crop drought decision making in Shanxi Province are introduced. The research, development, spread and application of water saving irrigation management intelligent decision-making support system will promote the transfer of the traditional agriculture to modern one, and open a new way for sending the high and advanced agricultural technology to hundreds of millions of farmers.
A design method for the extension controller is developed in this paper. The proposed adaptive extension control resulting from the direct adaptive approach is employed to directly adapt the gain parameter of the extension controller. Then the constructed controller can be best approximated to a given optimal control. Unlike the fuzzy controller, only one linguistic — like level is needed in the extension controller. The merits of the proposed controller are that (a) the number of adaptation parameter is small; (b) the design algorithm is easily to be implemented. In addition, a maximum control is established to guarantee the system robust stability. The derivation shows that the proposed extension controller is stable in the sense of the Lyapunov. Finally, a nonlinear system simulation example is applied to verifying the effectiveness and the ability of the proposed adaptive extension controller.
The article summarized the energy-saving technology for solution polymerization of synthetic rubber and the development of the energy-saving rubber in Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (BYPC). Through improving the catalytic system, enhancing the reaction speed, hence increasing the produce of the reactors, adopting the polymerization reactor equipped with a blade integrated agitator, as will as improvement of the process technology and equipment in the polymerization, coagulation and solution recovery sector, the energy consumption of cis-PBR in BYPC has been continuously decreasing and has reaching the international advanced level. The commercialization of the heat pump technology in the agglutination of the solution polymerization for the synthetic rubbers can help reduce the consumption of 1 MPa LP steam by 0.72 t per ton of rubber. BYPC is now working on the direct devolatilization of the rubber solution and the gas phase polymerization of Poly-butadiene rubber. Technology development is also undergoing for new energy-saving synthetic rubbers such as SSBR, mid-vinl-polybutadiene rubber, SIBR and SBS, among which the technology for SSBR and SBS have already been commercialized.
Two difficult tedhnical problems in underground radio communications, i.e. weak signal reception and counter lightning pulses interference are described, and ways to solve these problems are proposed . The design scheme of the telegraph terminal used for weak signal reception and counter lightning pulses interference is exhaustively studied. The performances of this terminal are analyzed, and results of laboratory measure and field tests are also given.
Bevel gears and hypoid gears are more complex transmission equipments. To avoid the change of shaft angles, the zero modification transmission (i.e.x1 + x2 = 0) tooth systems are adopted and had been used about one century .This paper introduces a new tooth system, NON-ZERO modification transmission (x1+ x2≠0), keeping the invariable shaft angle. After secondary development, this innovation may be manufactured by updated machine tool and be applied successfully to engineering vehicle, military production, vertical machine tool, locomotive, speed boat, as well as oil field, coal mine and cement industry. The new-type bevel gears have many advantages, such as multiple capacities, high reliabilities, long lives, small dimension, low noise and high adaptability. They not only may substitute the whole Gleason bevel gear system but also accomplish the function which Gleason can't. Hence the new type bevel gears will open vast vistas for application.
A Unique idea of an advanced Multi - Functional Shell and Long Period Developing Radical Requirement for engineering design and manufacture of pressure vessels is proposed in this paper. The “Steel Composite Structural Pressure Vessel Technology” (SCSPVT) invented by the authors is a unique pressure vessel technology in the world with a wide application area, including low, medium and high internal pressure fields. The main characteristics of the multi - functional shell burst arrested and resisted, manufacture simplified, defects dispersed and economical and reliable on-line status automatic monitoring, etc. The manufacture cost using this unique pressure vessel technology can be reduced by 30% to 50% . Four patented technological development systems comprised in this said unique Steel Composites Structural Pressure Vessel Technology are interoduced and summarized briefly in this paper.
CLA are the natural fatty acids found at the end of 1980s,which have many important physiological activities, definition of the meaning, occurrence in nature, important physiological activities, and application prospect of CLA were discussed.