This paper focuses on the trends of high performance computers. After reviewing the history and current situation of high performance computers, key technologies of massively parallel processing (MPP) including scalability, friendliness and availability are discussed. Then SUNWAY high performance computer and its applications are briefly introduced. Finally the viewpoints on developing high performance computers in China is presented.
Nowadays a topic of most concern is how to protect the global climate change and meet the increasing demand of fresh water. To meet this challenge an intelligent use of energy is urgently needed.
The term “Green Heating System” is synonymous with“Environmentally Friendly Heating System”.This term is academically defined in this paper. To this end the paper introduces the concepts of reversible mode of heating and generalized total heating system which consists of six subsystems, involving three sections, namely “hot end”，“cold end”and “heat generation section”.The exergy - based Specific Consumption Analysis Approach proposed by the author was adopted to quantitatively evaluate the effect of these subsystems on performance of the global system. It is found that emissions caused by heating systems are expected to be enormously reduced as a result of fuel saving potential explored by means of enhancement of exergy efficiencies of the above -mentioned subsystems. In addition, an integration of a large - scale green heating system with sea - water desalination plant will provide an alternative of fresh water supply which could compete with that of water source reallocation projects.
Based on analysis of basic contents, nature and feature of engineering, this paper introduces concepts of engineering system and engineering system theory, then discusses objects of study and research methods of engineering system theory using thinking of general system theory. Finally, it expounds meta-discipline standing of engineering system theory in system of engineering science.
The article discusses the awareness of engineering culture that engineering educators should develop ,as well as the role played by engineers, their significance and personal quality required, considering the new mission of Chinese engineers of the 21st century. The authors also look into the four important kinds of quality of creativity, practicing ability, entrepreneurship and leadership. Furthermore, recommendations for engineering education reform are provided accordingly.
The development of steel industry and the present situation of restructuring of Chinese steel enterprises are reviewed in this paper . The analysis and integration of steel manufacturing process and the direction of technological progress are described. The production processes for different steel products are discussed and the structure and mode of steel plants and investment decision are prospected. It is pointed out that market competitiveness and sustainable development are the time´s topic of steel industry. In the 21st century, the functions of steel production process will move towards following targets：
——For metallurgical function - producing new generation steel products based on low energy consumption, low material consumption and high efficiency and low specific investment cost.
——For energy conversion function - forming the industrial ecological chain, even converting into an advanced energy.
——For wastage treatment function - realizing environment friendliness.
Steel plants will be developed into two typical modes： the city peripheral steel plant and the steel plant located in the ecological industry zone.
The development of proliferation and culture of marine fishes is the fundamental measure and strategy for the exploitation and sustainable development of marine fishery resources. Therefore, developing and heightening the techniques of proliferation and culture of marine fishes, particularly the advanced techniques of artificial propagation and larval rearing as the bases of proliferation and culture, represent an important research field of marine biotechnology. Recently, in the aspects of induction of gonadal maturation and egg quality improvement, ovulation and spawning, artificial advanced sexual mature and sex reversal, regulation of continual mature and spawning for year - round, improvement of larval rearing and enhance their survival and growth rates, as well as production of a variety of hormones and neuropeptides for promoting reproduction and growth by gene engineering techniques were achieved major advancements, and displayed fine prospects for the productive application.
The solution ways of the crisis of the city water resource shortage are discussed from the viewpoint of whole processe of social cycle of water. It is pointed out that the possible ways to pass the crisis of city water resource are as follows ： treatment and reuse of urban wastewater and industrial wastewater, saving water, pollutant removal treatment of drinking water, good quality water for effective use, reasonable allocation of water, utilization of rainwater and seawater, and long distance transfer of water on the basis of full demonstration.
Along with the development of digital processing TV and new-generation TV fully digitalized, video scan format conversion has become an important technology. In this paper, by incorporateing noise-reduced filter with edge-preserved into motion adaptive deinterlacing algorithm, a new algorithm for scan format conversion is proposed. The principle and structure for implementing this algorithm in hardware are discussed. Accordingly, the simulation experiment in FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) is designed. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in the paper is very efficient.
There are many electromechanical systems in various vehicles. They are managed in a separate subsystem way. This paper proposes the integrated management scheme which can, by means of the data bus, make the management of subsystem have the abilities of redundancy and tolerance failure, besides accomplishing its own independent functions. The paper emphatically introduces how to realize the integrated management by simulation platform and gives the structures of hardware and software of platform, as well as the strategies of task distribution and scheduling.
On the basis of IR distance this paper gives out IR extension assessment method and its application to water environmental quality assessment. This method solves assessment problems while quantity of assessed matter-element is an interval number produced by a variety of uncertainty.
The paper introduces the research achievements on blasting while the writer participated the railway experimental engineering projects in ever-frost ground in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in seventies. It describes the blasting methods and technology, and practicable cumulative blasting technology according to the features of ever-frost ground.
In this paper, the technical approach for compiling the map of the seismic zonation in China (1990) was briefly introduced. Based on the cognizance of the temporal-spatial inhomogeneity of seismicity in China and the research results of earthquake prediction in the past two decades, some improvements on the seismic hazard analysis were made.
The dike slope slumping with high frequency and on large scale is a new and important problem in river closure by end dumping with deep water and low velocity. According to the characteristics of two kinds of slump phenomena, this article firstly analyzes and summarizes quantitatively the factors that influence the slump, which include the erosion resistance of the placed material, the erosion resistance of dike foundation, the water depth of the closure mouth, the mechanical property of dumping material and the absorbed water moisture of material. In addition, it indicates that the last three factors mainly determine whether the slump occurs and on what scale the slump occurs in the water closure with deep water and low velocity. Secondly, a micro model which describes the structure of the rockfill is adopted, and the research on the bifurcation property of the static balance equation, the type of its universal unfolding and its transition set is made by application of static bifurcation and singularity theory in nonlinear systems in the following two circumstances： 1) the stress in rockfill (σ1) is regarded as a parameter while the elastic coefficient (K) of the springs that simulate the friction relation among the particles is considered a constant; 2) the coefficient K is regarded as a parameter and the stress σ1 is a constant. The study result shows that different bifurcation phenomena of the static balance equation will happen when the stress increases or the K decreases to some extent. Therefore, the change of stress in rockfill and the water-immersed materials have theoretically proved to be the fundamental cause of the slump with high frequency and on large scale. Thirdly, the engineering measures to handle it are put forward which include：1) the processing scheme and dumping strength should be arranged correctly according to the water depth of each part of the closure mouth; 2) apart from the structural need of the cofferdam, those dumping materials, which particle diameter of which is homogeneous and shape is near to global, should not be used as far as possible; 3) the mud content of the mixed riprap used widely should be reduced so as to lower the extent of water influence; 4) truck should not be driven to the end of the dike and not be unloaded to water directly so as to reduce the impact against the slope and the turbulence to the stress of the rockfill. Finally, the reason why slumping possibility and range are greater in model experiment than in the prototype is demonstrated.
In this paper, it is pointed out that the block cipher proposed in “Design of Block Cipher substitution network on chaos” can be broken by attack with known plaintext and attack with ciphertext only, and the key of this cipher can be found by the divide-and-conquer attack with the encipher transformation. Furthermore, the mutual restriction between the successive values of the chaos sequences based on the Logistic mapping, and the property that the frontal values of the chaos sequences are not sensitive to the bits on the lower po-sitions of the initial value are also pointed out.
Shifting from quantity-orientation to quality-orientation is the world trend for apple cultivation. Old practice of mere pursuing high yield should be abandoned. We should target at best fruit quality, with an output of 30,000 kg per hectare, to maintain the healthy orchard development and sharpen its competition edge in international market.
This paper presented the survey result of the study tour and technical training for management and development of renewable energy technology in the United Kingdom by the mission of the Ministry of Agriculture of China. The content of the survey involved： the general introduction of renewable energy in UK; investment and financing of renewable energy in UK and Sino — British cooperation; the development of British re-newable energy as well as the typical cases of demonstration projects. The paper offered some suggestions for the future of research and development of renewable energy of China. Some academic issues on the study of the field of renewable energy in UK and other European Union (EU) countries are also discussed.