Pudong International Airport were suggested to be constructed on the tidal flats of the south bank of the Changjiang estuary, which could save some land, but also make some wetland changes,affecting the estuarine ecosystem. Shanghai seriously considered the contradiction between wetland ecosystem protection and land use in engineering construction. A related ecological engineering had been done on the Jiuduansha Island to compensate the lost ecological functions. The eco-engineering started on April 13 and ended on May 6, 1997.40 hm2 of Phragmite communis and 50 hm2 of Spartina alterniflora were planted in the middle part of Jiuduansha Island respectively to improve its ecosystem structure, which acquired good effects. This kind of synchronous construction of both airport and eco-engineering sets a precedent in the world.
This paper gives a brief introduction of the longwall top coal caving (LTCC) method which has had a strong impact on China´s coal mining industry since 1980 s.Great contribution to LTCC has been made by Chinese experts including cavability assessment, overlying geological variations on support loading, geotechnological characterization, technique and process for increasing recovery, safety monitering and control,and design and manufacture of high capacity equipments. The future of LTCC method is also predicted.
Economic globalization is a gradual process in the human history independent of man´s will. Whether the globalization is disaster or fortune is still an uncertain factor. The risk and cost for globalization and the limitation of competition are expounded. The enlightenment of China on globalization is discussed. The different opinions about globalization in China are given in this paper. The background and characteristics of new U.S. economy are analyzed. According to the situation of China, a way of Chinese manufacturing enterprise´s globalization is proposed.
The sustainable development of water conservancy and water power and the pumped storage are described .Now in some areas in China the water resources are scant or nearly and further development will be restricted. The construction of different types of pumped storage as the supplements of the ordinary water power are favorable to the sustainable development of water concervancy and water power. This new approach which combines water concervancy, water power and pumped-storage and links with the local electrical development mode will give the original water conservancy and water power new vigor,hence will create a quite new prospect of the sustainable development of the water conservancy and water power (including poumped storage) in China.
This paper discusses mainly the definition of environmental geology and geological environment and their relationship to relevant subjects, and expounds the position of geological environment in the whole natural environment of mankind and the importance of protecting geological environment in overall environmental protection. The paper emphasizes that the central task of protecting geological environment is preventing and controlling geological hazards and the basic way to prevent and control geological hazards is operating along the opposite direction of their formation. It is necessary to strengthen the forecast of geological hazards and to establish a scientific appraisal system for geological environmental quality and capacity.
This paper deals with learning algorithms for procedure neural networks (PNN) and its applications in aggregation chemical reaction and seepage test in oil geology. Weight bases selection rules and pattern curve standard problems are also discussed. These examples show that PNN have extensive applications.
The model of complex cocurrent multi-effect evaporation with condensed water flash and extra vapor elicitation is established. The conventional model of cocurrent multi-effect evaporation is a simplified example of the model. A new algorithm (iteration method combining with matrix method) is presented. The results show that the new algorithm is which increases the convergent speed and stability, more efficient than the Newton method and Broyden method. With condensed water flash and preheating cane sugar solution from 26.7 to 90℃ by elicitation extra vapor,the fresh vapor expenditure of cocurrent three-effect evaporation is decreased by about 16%.
The spatial variability and distribution of NO3- N in shallow groundwater in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were studied by means of GPS and GIS technology. The results indicated that it did not show a spatial structure at the sampling density of 35～50 km in shallow groundwater. The spatial variability of NO3-N content belonged to high intensity. The area of NO3—N concentration over 20 mg· L-1 was about 10% of the whole Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and was mainly distributed in the zone from Tianjin to Jinan and Xincai, Fuyang and Bengbu in the Huaihe River Basin. The area of NO3-N content in the range of 10—20 mg·L-1 was distributed in the region from Xuzhou to Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province and Weifang,in Shandong Provence, which was about 11.5% of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The NO3—N concentration in the shallow groundwater was related to the groundwater depth. The NO3-N concentration was usually over 20 mg·L-1 when the groundwater level was less 3 m, while the NO3—N content was less 10 mg·L-1 when the groundwater level was over 10 m. It implied that the affecting depth of the nitrate leaching on the groundwater was less than 10 m. These results were beneficial to making decision for increasing water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and to the sustaining agricultural development in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
Classical rolling theory, which is based on the law of the lowest resistance,the condition of constant volume and the condition of equal flow per second,has formed a fairly integrated rolling applied technology science system by means of experiment and deduction. This system reflects only the static law of rolling process,so it is necessary to control dynamic rolling process by drawing high and new technology such as cybernetics, information theory and computer science into the system.During the history of rolling theory, classical rolling theory based on mechanics took the lead before the establishment of spring equation, after that the rolling process control theory based on mechanics and cybernetics took precedence. In this paper,the concept of technological control theory is put forward. A new theory system, which is based on fundamental rolling technology control theory, is set up. Its main content included：the tension theory system in continuous rolling, which reflects the negative feedback effect of tension, is set up;disturbance survey problem is settled in gauge control process;shape theory system, which resembles gauge control theory,by defining dual parameter,is established.
In this paper, a new adaptive frame rate upconversion algorithm is presented, and its rapid implementation method in hardware is further discussed. With inner parameters and weighted block-matching error, the algorithm implements adaptive motion compensation. Therefore, this algorithm can effectively reduce the noise-interference and the hardware realization complexity. By using a look-up table that corresponds to the adjustable parameter and employing FPGA, the algorithm for scan format conversion is realized. Its application in practical system shows that this algorithm is very efficient.
A method of plasma heated biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction was reported. The very high heating rate could cause the cracking of the long chain molecular structure in biomass. The solid-state biomass then was converted into liquid state. The biomass used in experiments was pulverized com stork. The experimental results showed that this kind of liquefaction technique was effective. Under proper conditions, more than 50% of corn stork could be converted into liquid, the bio-oil. A prototype has been constructed according to the test results.
Based on the hydro-dynamics, the computing formulas for air-exciting-vibration force are derived for straight blade, short twist blade, long twist blade and the control stage of steam turbine in uniform air-flow field. Using the presented formulas, the air-exciting-vibration force can be directly calculated based on the design parameters and air-flow parameters of steam turbine. The numerical tests show that the presented formulas are correct and reliable.
This article applies basic formula to the calculation of a relationship between the hydraulic pressure extremes ratio of hydraulic system and the extremes ratio efficiencies. This relationship shows that the greater the hydraulic pressure extremes ratio is, the lower the extremes ratio efficiencies are. The article holds that the hydraulic pressure extremes ratio can be designed and chosen.
Using the non-standard three-point bending beam specimens of concrete, which have the span/ height ratio of 2.5, and the maximum load Pmax and the correspoding crack mouth opening displacememt CMODc measured in the experiment, the precritical crack propagation length ∆ac are evaluated by means of linear asymptotic superposition assumption. On this basis, the initiation fracture toughness KiniIC, unstable fracture toughness KunIC and the critical crack tip opening displacement CTODc for the non-standard three point bending beams with different initial crack lengths and different spcimen heights are determined utilizing fictitious crack model. The calculated results show that KunIC is independent of the initial crack length and the specimen height. Meanwhile, KiniIC is size-independent too, when a0/h = 0.3〜0.5. This indicates that the double-K fracture parameter can be considered as a constant for concrete materials.
A new type crushing equipment - the outer moving jaw crusher with large reduction ratio and its technical parameters, as well as its performance characteristics are introduced. The structural nature of large reduction ratio makes it possible to substitute the two or three stage crushing in the traditional crushing flowsheet by only one stage. That is, the successful development of the new type crushing equipment will bring about the change of the crushing technology.
Detecting is a key technology which has widely been used in almost all fields. However, there are two problems in traditional detecting methods. First, some physical value can not be detected; Second, it is difficult to improve the accuracy according to the way currently in effect. In this paper, based on the transformation concept of the contradiction, a new detecting technology—extension detecting technology (EDT) , which is totally different from the existing ones is developed. EDT takes advantage of the concept of matter element and the related methods of extrinsic. It use the transformation of matter element to study detecting technology. In order to solve detecting problems of undetectable physical value the related concepts, basic principle and frame of extension detecting technology are introduced. An implementing way for its application to engineering is proposed, and an example is given as well.