Qian Xuesen´s life-time is reviewed in this article and his excellent character and behaviour that are benefited from good family breeding and school education are highly praised. His brilliant talent and plentiful attainments after receiving his training under Theodore von Kármán in the United States are introduced. The article describes, with host of facts that are rarely known, Qian´s unrelenting struggle for returning homeland and the contributions he made with all his heart to China´s space undertaking after he returned to China. Finally, the article reveals Qian´s lofty ideological level and virtuous character towards money, honour and position.
This article analyzes the background and the necessity of the establishment of noetic science which was initiated by Qian Xuesen. The article also presents a whole string of Qian’s views on the object of study, basic approach and ideological root of noetic science. The article describes in particular that noetic science is one of the eleven department of the contemporary system of science and technology. It contains three hierarchies, as fundamental science, technical science and engineering. The preliminary achievements in each hierarchy in the recent two decades are presented.
Based on the historical observation data from meteorological stations of Ningxia region, the spatial distribution and trend of dust storm phenomena (include dust storm, blowing sand and floating sand) are analyzed. Countermeasures for preventing and controlling sandstorm as well as desertification are put forward.
Numerous efforts have been made worldwide to reach high levels of efficiency by using super-and ultra supercritical steam conditions for thermal power generation. This paper points out that China should follow this way of development for updating the fossil-fired power infrastructure.
In the case of more and more strict environmental protection regulations in the world, the paper reviews in detail the problems that refiner and R&D branch are confronted with during the production of clean gasoline fuel,the development trend of clean gasoline fuel in the world and the countermeasure that R&D branch should take in future. The significance, routes and chemical principle to produce isoparaffins, an important constituent in gasoline pool,in China are discussed emphatically.
The plasma surface metallurgy technology is a method of the surface metallurgy by using low temperature plasma produced by glow or arc discharge. The double glow surface alloying process, which developed based on the plasma nitriding, is a kind of the plasma surface metallurgy technology. This process, also called as Xu-Tec/Xu-Loy process, can produce various alloys, such as nickel base alloys and high speed steels,on the surface of common carbon steels. The process has been used to develop a hacksaw blade for hand or power application. It performs as well as standard bimetal blades. Recently the double glow surface alloying process has been applied to titanium and its alloys. A wear and high temperature oxidation resistant alloy has been formed on the surfaces of Ti6A14V and TiAl.
In the first part of the paper, main achievements and progress in water conservancy construction of China over the past half century are briefly summarised in respect of flood-control, irrigation, water supply and hydroenergy utilization, which are also reflected in sci-tech, education and management. In the second part, while affirming the achievements, the problems and shortcomings are analyzed. They mainly include： the flood-control standard is still at low level and reliable and complete water-control systems have not been established; water level of floods are increasingly raising causing the increase of flood prevention burden and risks; overexploiting of water resources and serious waste of water; water contamination and water environment deterioration ;the incompleteness, low quality, extensive management and low economic results of water conservancy projects, and so on. The paper holds that these problems should be attributed to the one-sided ideology and improper policies. Finally, in line with the requirement of the development and rejuvenation of China, the paper forecasts the tasks and goals of water conservancy construction in the days to come.
The paper analyzes the background of implementation of speed-raise strategy of Chinas railways. In line with the Chinese reality, the status of Chinese railways and the technological and economic features of the railways, it puts forward that speed-raise is a huge systematic engineering. To win the success of speed-raise, China ought to rebuild the traffic organization mode, tap the potential of the capacity and implement the speed-raise of the existing lines to optimize the match of speed, density and loading capacity of the train. On the other hand, China should rely on its own efforts to develop technical equipment while importing and digesting the state-of-the-art technologies of foreign countries. The paper introduces the practice and the successful experience of MOR in management and technical innovations for the subsystems-organization and management of technical innovation engineering, transport organization and management innovation and safety and risk control management for speed-raise——under the guidance of the systematic engineering theory. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of speed-raise-on social benefits, enterprises’ economic profits of speed-raise and overall competitiveness of the railways industry.
Multi-objective optimization (MOO) and decision-making (DM) has become an important research area of evolutionary computations in recent years. The researches on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) focus mainly on the Pareto-based comparison and ordering of individuals, fitness assignment and Riching techniques, etc., so that the population can converge and uniformly distribute in the Pareto front. This paper presents an introduction to the history and classification of multi-objective optimization and decision-making techniques, analyzes both the Pareto-based and non-Pareto-based evolutionary algorithms, and,particularly,the five well-known MOEAs. Some problems related to the researches on MOEAs are addressed in details, such as the characteristics of Pareto front, the test suite and performance evaluation of MOEAs, the MOEA convergence analysis, the MOEA parallelization, and the disposal of real world MOO problems.
In this paper, the effect of mineral powder and W/B ratio on the charge passed with mortar and concrete under 56 day and 90 day´s standard curing age is investigated. For the same W/B ratio and same content of mineral admixture, the charge passed through concrete is far lower than that through the mortar. The charge passed data of either mortar or concrete with mineral admixture are lower than that of the plain samples. The charge passed of mortar and concrete decreases with the decrease of W/B and increase of curing age.
The paper gives the main parameters for S02 removal with gas flow rates of less than 2 × 104 Nm3/h by using pulsed corona process. This industrial-scale facility was constructed at the power plant of China's Science City in Mianyang,Sichuan Prorince. The results show that under such condition as：flue gas flow rate being less than 2 × 104 m3/h, gas temperature being 65～70℃，water content in the gas being 10%，resident time being 6～10 seconds, stoichiometric ratio of NH3 to SO2 being about1： 1, power consumption to operate the pulse conora process being not larger than 5 Wh/Nm3, the SO2 removal efficiency is about 85 % .
Great progress has been made in the information industry of the world. Protocol and signalling are becoming more and more important. Telecommunication equipments and instruments are the very guarantee for information industry. Following the development of mobile communication and intelligence network, the 64 kb/s No.7 signalling link now used is no longer suitable for the service increasement. The 2.048Mb/s high speed signalling link has become the best substitude. Since there is no related protocol testing equipment used for telecommunication branch, The 2.048 Mb/s high speed signalling protocol-analyzing set is developed for this purpose. In order to ensure the quality of the analyzing set, the best embedded processor and newest real time operating system are employed.
Firstly, a review of the development and applications of the ultrasonic motor techniques since the seventies of the last century, both at home and abroad is outlined, and a presentation of progress in the research on the techniques in the Research Center of Ultrasonic Motors of NUAA is summarized. Secondly, the author predicts that a great and growing market for the motors will be found in the 21st century, and the techniques will have a good future of applications in the building of national defense and economy. Finally, the trend of the development of the motor in the 21st century is pointed out. According to the actual condition of the studies for the techniques in China, some key problems, which are urgent for further development of the technologies in the new century, are proposed in the paper.