This paper reviews the progress of engineering in the world over the 20 th century, and describes the important role of engineering in promoting global economic and social developments. Connecting with the 25 achievements selected from “Outstanding Engineering Achievements in China in the 20th century” sponsored by Chinese Academy of Engineering, the paper points out the great contributions made by the Chinese technical personnel to the invigoration of Chines nation and the national economic development. It speaks highly of engineers´ creative work that is recognized and respected by the whole society. The paper reiterates the fact that a country can not rank among the strong counties in the world without enough scientific and technical strength. The paper points out that there will be a new upsurge in the respect of China´s industrialization and modernization drive in the 21st century, especially in the coming 50 years.
The theory of Metasynthetic Wisdom meets the need of the new era. Its core is the combination of science, technology and philosophy. Therefore, it is necessary to not only utilize the man-computer synergetic thinking system and make efforts to master broad knowledge, experience and information, but also be practical and realistic, be good at thinking, engage in practices repeatedly and develop the world outlook , outlook on life, view of science and methodology which reflect the new era.
This paper have looked back the formation of Qian Xuesen's system engineering idea, given a brief account of the main points of the system engineering theory with Chinese characteristics, and analysed how Qian went beyond system engineering.
The rise and development of the extraction of titanium sponge and the manufacture of titanium mill products in the last century are introduced. The wide application and important role of metallic titanium, titanium products and titanium-based alloys in the major industrial sectors of the national economy, especially in the new and high technical fields, are described. The market prospect for titanium industry in the new millennium is forecast and some suggestions on the better development of titanium industry are put forward.
Golmud City, located in the western part of Qinghai Province, is known as one of the boomtown in the arid northwestern China, so the problems of water utilization are major factors dominating its future. Suggestions on achieving balance between water supply and demand, harmony between mankind and flood in flood control and disaster mitigation are proposed in the paper. According to the development of modern city in the request of the 21st century, it ought to change the present situation of water use for agriculture and industry as well as treatment for water pollution of Golmud City.
The paper analyzes the impact of China´s accession into WTO on SINOPEC Group in details, and describes briefly the measures taken by foreign major oil companies to occupy China market. The paper also definitely point out that although China´s entry into WTO makes the competition in China oil and petrochemical market more aggressively, it will promote SINOPEC Group to grow rapidly and improve actively its international competitive power.
This paper presents a brand new set theory, All Set theory, which is the united set form of the current set theories including crisp set, fuzzy set, extension set, vague set, rough set, set pair analysis, FHW (fuzzy gray matter - element)，FEEC(fuzzy extension economic control) and so on. The operation of the all set is also discussed in detail. A kind of style of the human being' s intelligence can be described by a kind of set form, thus all set is the united form. An all set is comprised of four parts, that is ( A, B, F, J ). A is the universe of the problem discussed. One of the elements in A can be described by an element of B. F is the map from A to B. And J restricts F. From this model, the concept of subjection that is the basic conception of human´s intelligence can be simulated. Hence the wide application of all set theory in the field of artificial intelligence including pattern recognition, clustering, logic, machine learning, intelligent decision, etc. , can be developed. Especially the relation among all set, logic and human intelligence style is illustrated in the paper. The theory of all set can not only unify and summarize the current theories but also provide the primary method for establishing new set theory and new logic.
Advance on “Ultra Steel”，which is characterized by fine grained microstructure，is described in this paper. Progress has been made in this field in China. Yielding strength increases from 235 Mpa to 420〜 470 Mpa while elongation increases from 26% to 29% 〜34% for plain carbon steels. The high strength steel with anti-delayed fracture function has been developed and its pilot testing has been successfully finished in IVECO Auto Com. with 13.9 grade.
High performance and security are hot areas of the research of Internet. How to provide security protection but not decrease the forwarding performance is a hot research topic currently. This paper is based on the research of the high performance security router, a key project of national high technology research and development plan. Operating system (HEROS) of the high performance router BW7000 was developed independently. In order to provide high performance IP packets forwarding, a high performance routing lookup algorithm based on RAM was developed. A novel classification algorithm based on non-collision Hash-Trie-tree and an algorithm based on distributed packet fair queuing with feedback mechanism weve designed and impemented to support QoS control and security management. In order to secure the network, a router security architecture based on distributed key management was proposed.
In this paper, by analyzing the relationship between relative motions of the toroidal drive, the method for calculation of the sliding factors between the planet and stator or worm is given. Based on above-mentioned results, formulae of the friction coefficient between the planet and stator or worm under profile peak contact are presented. Based on EHL theory, formulae of the friction coefficient between the planet and stator or worm under hydrodynamic lubrication are introduced. Then, formulae of the friction coefficient between the planet and stator or worm under mixed friction are also introduced. Finally, by making use of the above-mentioned formulae, the friction coefficients between the planet and stator or worm under hydrodynamic lubrication are compared, and the dependences of them on parameters are discussed. Dependences of the friction coefficient between the planet and stator on the parameters under profile peak contact are given. And dependences of the friction coefficient between the planet and stator on the ratio of the film thickness to roughness under mixed friction are also discussed. These results are useful for manufacture and design of the drive.
According to the environment characteristics and corrosion depth distribution law of the naval aircraft structures fatigue notch factor (Kf) and fatigue life mathematical model was built by using the Stress Field Intensity (SFI) and Local Stress-strain methods. In this paper, a method for evaluating service life of aircraft structure under corrosive condition was developed. On the basis of the evaluation result under room temperature and air, and taking into consideration the influences of corrosion depth in the ground environment and corrosion fatigue in flight environment of the humidity air, salt fog, salt fog + SO2 this method made correction for fatigue life. Finally, combing with a real case of fatigue life and residual life prediction of the flange for the aircraft wing, this calculating method was appraised.
Magnetic metal belt transmission is a new one in which the initial tension no longer solely, but together with the magnetic attraction force produces the friction force. The influencing factors on transmission ratio are analyzed and numerically simulated in this paper, such as effective haulage force, initial tension, magnetic induction intensity, center distance, diameter of the smaller belt pulley and angle of contact. The change laws of transmission ratio along with these influencing factors are studied. The results show that the transmission ratio of magnetic metal belt transmission increases when magnetic induction density, initial tension and center distance increases, and decrease when angle of contact and diameter of the smaller belt pulley increases. It is pointed out that the angle of contact and diameter of the smaller belt pulley can be reduced accordingly because of the effect of magnetic force, and therefore the transmission ratio can increase by 3〜4 times compared with general belt transmission.
Reasonable layout, reliable installation, economical operation, and facilitated control are the major goals for the research and development of deep seabed mining systems. Kinematic condition and dynamic characteristics of the systems are of direct and important influence to attaining the goals. Based on the results achieved in the research and development of deep seabed mining technology in recent years, the main factors influencing the kinematic condition and dynamic characteristics of the systems, including sea current, sea wave, sailing velocity of the mining ship, weight and shape of the underwater nodule storage, and moving pattern of the nodule collector, are studied and analyzed in this paper. Relevant conclusions would be useful for the layout, design, operation, and control of the systems and corresponding equipment.
Recently, IP - VPN is proposed as a way satisfying large company´s inter-connect requirement because of the prevalence of Internet. But there are some problems to be solved, especially security and QoS. In this paper, one way of network-based VPN QoS is proposed based on analysis of some available QoS algorithms. For IP - VPN, now there are several mechanisms： VLL, VPRN, VPLS and VPDN. This paper places emphasis on VPRN and VPLS. Two kinds of VPRN: BGP/MPLS and VR are discussed and compared with each other. And besides, VLAN, one way of VPLS, is introduced.