Info-agriculture, the information technology system of agriculture,the technology front line of info-agriculture and the stratagem of Chinese info-agriculture have been introduced in this paper. In the part of info-agriculture ,this paper brings forward the basic conception of info-agriculture, and points out eight characters of info-agriculture. In the technology system of info-agriculture, the author puts forwarded five technology systems, that is, acquirement of information, management, transmission, development and application, industrialization and revelation. In the technology front line of info-agriculture, six problems have been discussed, that is, agriculture information mechanism needs to be researched in agriculture information science, the catalog system, standard and criterion of agriculture information, the error theory and agriculture information transfer, the relative theory of agriculture information, the theory of agriculture information flow control and agriculture information inversion. There are seven front line issues: crop growing model, aptitude expert system, virtual agriculture, integration of agriculture information technology, virtual agriculture information nets, precision agriculture, standard system of info-agriculture. In the strategy of info-agriculture in China, eight constructions of agriculture information technology should be developed, that is, extending the resource of agriculture information, building service center of agriculture information, management constructing national and provincial speedy system of agriculture, the expert system of agriculture, the development and construction of agriculture resource information, service system of agriculture, management information system of agriculture, educational net system of agriculture, and developing auto technology of agriculture.
With the development of rockmechanics, extensive application of computer in mining area and promotion by intersection of multi-course, mining starts entering the science field, being regarded as skill always. This paper discussed the recent science and technology at the frontier for exploitation of underground metal resources： digital control of mining environment, wasteless mining, ocean mining and coping with threat of rockburst in deep mining, that are of great importance to the development of mining course.
The characteristics of key technology in high-effective and thin-slab continuous casting of steel with proprietary intellectual propertyright are discussed. The research and development status of the avanced technologies such as soft reduction, hydraulic-driven non-sinusoidal oscillation, and electromagnetic continuous casting is introduced. The progress direction of high-efficiency and high quality of conventional continuous casting is discussed, and the development trend of near-net-shape continuous casting and electromagnetic continuous casing is given.
In the 1990s, a great discussion on city developing model in socialist China in the 21st century was raised widely. At that time, a new concept —“Shan-shui city” was first put forward by Professor Qian Xuesen. The concept integrates Chinese traditional culture, which includes Chinese poetry, paintings and classical gardening architecture, with modern city construction. “Shan-shui city” model puts emphasis on local history and culture, which is a kind of comprehension of natural ecological processes, historical source and cultural veins. To go to a unification of man, its society and nature and to realize a kind of visual and psychological sense of beauty to their living and working environment are basic goals of building a “Shan-shui city”. The 21st century is named city's century because of developing countries' urbanization. In the mean time, China has come into the new phase of accelerated urbanization. This is the era background of discussing the idea of “Shan-shui city”. Another background contributes to culture and the spirit genes that Chinese love natural mountains and water. The culture about natural mountains and water plays an important role in China.
Would the foods of China be sufficient to support the need of 1.6 billion people? The answer to this question depends on the possibility of relying on the existing 400 billion m3 of irrigation water to increase grain output from the 500 million tons to 700 million tons in the future while meeting the water demand of other crops. In order to achieve the strategic goal, water-saving and high-efficiency farming must be built without any doubt. However, for a long time, emphasis was laid on the engineering works of irrigation projects while slighting their management, on the construction of main projects while slighting the timely completion of related supplementary works, on the irrigation while slighting drainage on the farms. By analyzing the current irrigated farming, the author draws a conclusion that all these problems remained unsolved are because of shortcomings in the management system, investment mechanism and price policy, and gives some reforming suggestions in the paper. It is also analyzed that great effort should be paid on the improvement of the traditional farming to pave the way for restructuring agriculture of China.
“Developing Space Science and Conducting Deep Space Exploration” is one of the objectives for China's space development in the near future (i.e. around the year 2010). Moon exploration is the first step to achieve the goal of “Conducting Deep Space Exploration”.To put the moon probe (or satellite) into orbit, it is especially important to select the right type of launch vehicle(s). Starting from the basic requirements of the launch vehicle(s) for the moon exploration mission, experience of moon-faring nations and current status of Long March launch vehicles, the author analyses pros and cons of the three operational orbits for moon exploration and feasibility of the program, and identifies the candidate Long Mach launch vehicles and plans for their upgrades. Taking the optimization of the overall space system engineering into consideration, the author proposes, as the primary plan, that an LM-3B with an upper stage be used for launching the satellite and the upper stage for its hard (or soft) landing on the moon, and, as the secondary plan, an LM-3C for launching a probe into lunar transfer orbit.
The knowledge chain of science-technology-engineering-industry is studied in this paper based on their essences and meanings. It is pointed out that the connection of technology and engineering with economy is much tighter than that of science with economy. It is stressed that science-fundamental research is the transformation of capital to knowledge, and that the technology innovation is the transformation of knowledge to benefit and profit through market by the support of capital. Engineers are the important creators of new productive force and active pioneer of new industrial field. Engineers will confront with technology innovation at different levels, in different areas and on different scales. Much more attention must be paid to the creative work of engineers, especially in rapid economic growth period. The cultivation of a large number of qualified personnel in technology engineering is the requirement for promoting economic development and social progress.
This article introduces two cases, in which the result of toxicological analysis provides the important clue to investigator and the evidence to the justice for one case, while the result of toxicological analysis provides the basis for emergency treatment methods for another case. The article introduces two problems of toxicological analysis during the extraction. One is the microanalysis, and the other is how to clear out the protein and fat from biological material. The article thinks that the present level of toxicological analysis for some techniques in China is near that of the developed country in the end of the 20th century, but the standard management is China lags behind. In the future, the development of toxicological analysis should be in accordance with domestic reguirement and aimed at new techniques in the world.
High end computing software platform is the basic guarantee for implementing the friendship, availability and high efficiency of the entire machine. With the ever increase of computing scale and the emerging of new computing patterns, such as Peer-to-peer and Grid, the design of software platform faces new challenges. This paper describes and analyses the development of high end computing software platform and the designing difficulties, which it faces. Then the design case of a certain high end computing platform software system will be introduced and discussed here.
This paper deals with a way of representing dynamic environment based on binary-tree. A new algorithm A* , which plans the path of soccer robots in complicated environments is presented. With the soccer game's environments represented by dynamic binary-tree, optimal results were obtained in a simulation of the soccer game.
Water-supply enterprise consumes much of electric energy in the city, and the quantity it consumes mainly depends on the pumps of pumping stations. So it is important to optimize operation of water-supply pumping stations, for safety water supply and saving energy. This paper presents an optimal scheduling model of water-supply pumping stations based on approximation of exponent curve. Corresponding to the model, solutions based on genetic algorithm are introduced. The simulation resuls illustrate its validity.
It can win through traditional genetic algorithm's shortcomins by applying accelerating genetic algorithm in solving combination forecasting problems. These shortcomings include poor adapt ability in search space (i.e. optimizing variable space), large measure quantity, premature convergence, no definitude instruct rule for setting technique of control parameter, etc. The new approach does not need canonicity in forecasting error information matrix, the objective function scale may extend widely,and the forecasting precision is high.
This paper gives a brief introduction to the progress in the research of collecting sunlight for indoor illumination in USA, Europe and Japan,and the achievements in the development of a system for automatically tracking and collecting sunlight by tackling key technologies,such as light focusing, tracking and transmitting, in China. It is noted that the future development is aimed at the research of light collection and photovoltation technologies to achive functions of electric power substitution and generation.
By using the quadratic general spinning design, pot experiments were conducted to study the comprehensive effect of the stage and rate of N fertilizer application under different status of soil moisture on winter wheat yield systematically. The results showed that the mathematical model established based on the result of experiments is significant. By analysing the mathematical model, the soil moisture, tillering and jointing stage were thought to be the remarkable factors, while the influencing sequence from large to small is： soil moisture ＞ tillering stage ＞ jointing stage ＞ milking stage ＞ seedling stage; The interaction effects exist between different factors.
On carbon steel substrate, base coating of nickel-coated aluminium and intermediate coating of 50% Al2O3 + 50% Ni were prepared by means of oxyacetylene spray, and final coating of Al2O3 ～ MxOy was prepared by means of plasma spray. In the fluid consisting of 60% (mass) sulphuric acid with 60 % concentration, and 40% (mass) phosphoric ore powder, the Al2O3 ～ MxOy coating resistance to corrosion and wear, is 7.46 times as strong as 18 - 8 stainless steel and is 4.06 times as strong as 316L stainless steel.
The construction, principle and main technical performance of the full-face variable diameter slipforms of inclined shafts are concisely introduced. In underground water conveyance system for Three Gorges Project's permanent lock, the inclined shafts are large in number, short in length, complex in structure, changeable in height and so on. Some new techniques of the full-face variable diameter slipforms are taken in concrete construction. The inclined shafts are accomplished with single-pass pouring practice and the change of height is finished automatically with slipping. Its economic and social effect is obvious.
The current situation of research, application and development of bio-diesel industry all over the world is reviewed in this article, and the problem in the preparation and application of bio-diesel is analyzed. The importance of bio-diesel industry to the national petroleum supply, national economy and re-adjustment of agriculture industry is discussed. The prospect and development pattern of bio-diesel industry in China are pointed out as well.