This paper introduces Qian Xuesen´s view on geographical science. In modern human knowledge system which consists of eleven departments Qian takes geographical science as the “bridge science”or confluence science between natural science and social science. Among the five open complex giant systems Qian put geographical system between the galaxy system and social system. In the system structure of socialism construction ,which is proposed by Qian, he places geographical construction side by side with constructions of political, spiritual and material civilization. Showing great foresight and highly mastering of Marxist philosophy of dialectical materialism Qian puts forward the idea that geographical science should be developed from the old discipline of geography so that it can serve the development of national economy well. Some studies done by the authors organization, which may corroborate each other with Qian´s view on geographical science, are introduced in the paper. They include the following aspects： 1) Geographical science is an anastomosis of geography, ecosystem, environment and geographical information system; 2) The space and geographical information network system is an open complex giant system; 3) In geographical information models, deduction, induction and analogy logic are used to build geographical non-linear complexity equations; 4) Geographical information equations can forecast geographical phenomena that will be of service to geographical system engineering; 5) About philosophy of geographical science.
This paper describes the concept, scientific basis, key technical points and the significance of sand industry. As a scientific conceit for the utilization of desert Gobi, the essence of sand industry is to take the advantage of the sunlight resource in the Gobi area to raise the photosynthetic productivity with the help of modern technical achievements and effective market-oriented management system, so as to gain benefits both economically and ecologically. The technical principle being employed in the present sand industry as so called “more lighting, less water, new technology, high benefit” is expounded. The application results in Zhanye prefecture of Gansu province is introduced.
This article describes Qian Xuesen's initiation of knowledge-intensive grass industry，including its historical background, scientific connotation, theoretical meaning, application achievements and its important role in the sustainable development strategy of China in the 21st century. The article, according to Qian´s opinion, states that the administrative mechanism has to be renovated as the massive grass industry projects are being implemented nation-wide.
After the shortage economy by and large come to an end, the most serious shortage China faced in all fields is the shortage of systems. In order to accelerate the application of high and new technology in production and improve China´s economic competitiveness in international market, it is necessary to strengthen the economic restructuring, i.e.the system building.
Materials form a solid basis for productivity and human welfare, and hence development of advanced materials has become one of the key tasks for hi-tech research and industrialization scheduled in the national 10 th Five-year-plan. Many of the institutions dedicated to the research and development of materials have over the time accquired strong capability in the R&D of advanced materials and accumulated abundant intellectual resources. These institutions are a major force which plays an important role in the development of national materials industry. As a main institution in this field, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals has actively and successfully promoted the industrialization of advanced materials. Its experiences can be epitomized into 5 aspects as conception renewal, technology innovation, mechanism reforming, talent management and capital operation.
After experiencing two major breakthrouths-one, through breeding for dwarfs and the other, through use of hybrid heterosis-rice-yield level has stagnated for a long time. The third breakthrough in yield should come from breeding for super high yield, to be realized by combining the use of an ideal plant type and the use of growth vigor. Research findings have shown that increasing the biological yield is the material basis, whereas optimizing yield components is the precondition for attaining such a goal. The findings have also indicated that the effective way to develop super high-yielding varieties is to create a plant type and harness the mighty vigor through crossing indica with japonica subspecies, or crossing geographically distant varieties. This two advantages are then consolidated through optimizing the combination of desirable traits via multiple crossing or backcrossing. Based on this theory and method, germplasm with new plant type and super high-yielding japonica varieties have been developed. And grain-yield has registered 12〜13 t/hm2. The most distinctive feature of the varieties is their erect heavy panicle and substantial biomass production. Judging from the perspectives of photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production, such an erect panicle type could be another phenomenal change in adjusting the japonica rice plant type to meet the maximum requirement.
From the quality problems existing in hydraulic power projects at present in China, the emerging causes are discussed and the countermeasures for improving the quality of hydrulic power projects are suggested.
According to the cases of deterioration of big concrete structures investigated in Canada, it was repeatedly emphasized to pay attention to durability. In the respect of cement classification it was suggested to cancel “ordinary silicate cement”.The cement industry should be gradually changed to “green industry of cementitious materials”. The standards and compositions of cement should be reviewed on the basis of technical advances of concrete. Finally it was suggested to bring the production, circulation and utilization of cement into line in order to obtain great economic and social benefits.
In all kinds of digital video processing algorithms, motion compensated algorithm can acquire perfect performance because the motion information in the video signal has been considered. The hardware implementation of the motion estimator is the core of the various motion compensated digital video processings, which will be applied in real systems. Block-matching motion estimating algorithm is widely used in real system because of its low computing complication, easy realization and high call frequency of the block-matching criterion in the hardware systems. A new criterion called weighted minimized maximum error is proposed in this paper. This criterion can reduce the complexity of the motion estimator, decrease the area of the hardware and increase the speed of the hardware. On the other hand, the criterion is suitable to be applied to the recursive searching strategy which has an inherent weakness called error propagation.
This paper is devoted to a survey of wave-particle duality theory of the optical waves and matter waves. The historical notes and the exploration of some paradoxes of this subject are discussed. First,it must be mentioned that the rest mass and the inner construction of photon still be a key problem of science. The papar calls scientits´ attention to that, the wave-particle duality theory established depond on the wavelength being small enough,but the demarcation line is not clear. And so,whether the optical waves and EM waves corresponds to matter, or the character of matter, is discussed. Then, a question for the FTL phase velocity of matter waves is proposed. The analysis shows that how to establish the EM-pulse´s particle image is still to be solved in the future research. Moreover, We connect in the mind, when the EM pulse propagate with a speed higher than the speed of light,will the Special Relativity be disrupted? Finally,the paper presents a discussion on the particlelity of evanescent waves and the virtual photons.
This work shows a method to obtain an available scheme for extension detecting technology. Based on the theory of extenics, some definitions and conceptions about extension detecting are described in this paper. At the same time, the procedures of optimization and evaluation are explored in order to get the better scheme.
An approach of design for testability(DFT) for logic functions is presented in the paper, which employs AND gates and XOR gates tree to realize the generalized Reed-Muller expression of arbitrary logic functions. The major features of the approach are： 1) The circuits adopting the DPT techniques in the paper are totally fault locatable. 2) The circuits have universal test sets for fault detection, the cardinality of the test sets is (n + 5), where n is equal to the number of input variables in the logic function. A fault location method for the circuits is presented, which can identify all fault equivalence classes in the AND gates, and the faults in XOR gate tree in the circuits.
This paper analyzes macro situation of petroleum economy safety home and abroad, and ten latent factors impacting on it. Four new characters of petroleum economy safety and the advanced theory of basing safety on development are presented. With the theory of complexity science, this paper demonstrates the complexity of the system of petroleum economy safety, and the basic thought of opportunity-cybernetics is brought forward. Five integrated and compositive indexes for petroleum safety are chosen and the upper and lower limit for them are confirmed. With scientific index system and evaluation system set up here, applied software of database system and monitor-warning system for petroleum economy safety is programmed. This software can save time and cost for safety decision drastically.
This paper first explains why IP multicasting must be used. Then it summaries the fundamentals of IP multicasting and multicast routing protocols. After that it specially discusses protoool independent multicast-sparse mode (PIM-SM), points out its defect and proposes a scheme to solve it. In this scheme each source registers and sends data packets toward multiple rendezvous points (RPs) but receivers only join to a single RP. If one of the RPs fails, receivers will join to one of the alternative RPs quickly. On implementation, the paper centers on the details of implementing PIM-SM. Finally it discusses the problems and prospect of IP multicasting.