The northwestern region of China is a vast territory rich in resources and dwelt by many ethnic groups. It is of strategic importance so far as economic development, social security and national defense are concerned and is also an extremely important ecological buffer zone of China. In the last fifty some years, commensurate with the rapid economic development of the region, such environmental problems as land desertification and water pollution have also come into being. Of all problems, that of water resources allocation is the most crucial. It imposes a serious constraint on the sustainable development of the local society and economy.
Pursuant to the directives issued by the Central Government on “the development of China´s west” in harmony with that in ecology and environment, Chinese Academy of Engineering, on approval by the State Council, launched a strategic study on allocation of water resources, conservation and upgrading of eco-environment and sustainable development of the northwest region. On the basis of detailed investigations and scientific research, this group has come to realize that, in order to ensure sustainable development of economy, it is imperative to insist on observing the co-existence between human being and nature as the peremptory guideline of development. In this connection, sustainable development of social economy must be supported by sustainable utilization of water resources. Rational plans must be drawn up for the overall upgrading of the regional ecology and environment. The structure of industry and the way to effect economic growth must be revamped. A society with its economy based on resources saving, efficient and pollution-proof use of water should be developed. Under the condition of sustainable utilization of water resources and protection of eco-environment, water resources should be rationally allocated. A suitable policy of population control must be enforced, in order to prevent excessive growth in population. Ten strategic measures are proposed including unified administration of water resources, development of manufacturing and mining industries, acceleration of urbanization, establishment of coordinating mechanism for the conservation and upgrading of eco-environment and others.
A detailed retrospect is made about the 130 years-long historical stream of Chinese students rushing abroad for study, in order to reveal their efforts and contributions to the establishment and development of science and engineering enterprise in China since late Qing Dynasty. A chronicle of 10 generations of students studied abroad in the period of 1870〜2000 is suggested and justified. An analysis is made with emphasis on the 9th and 10th generations of students selected and sent abroad by government of PRC since 1949.
Historical records and statistical data show that all generations of returned students, scientists and engineers have played an indispensable and decisive role in the course of revolution and reconstruction of the country in the 20th century, many of them devoted their lives to the course. It is argued that the stream of students going abroad will be even intensified in the 21st century due to further opening and harmonizing of the country with the rest of the world.
The effect of solar energy technology on the reduction of CO2 emissions in future in China is estimated based on“The strategic study of alternative energy development in China” .The results show that solar energy technology will have an appreciable effect after 2010, and a remarkable effect emissions after 2020 on the reduction of CO2.
New prebaked anode cells of 500 kA and 320 kA capacity appeared in France and China separately at the beginning of the 21st century. These are important advances in aluminium electrolytic industry. This paper mentioned the various advantages of large prebaked anode cells, especially the lowering of electrical energy consumption due to a decreasing of heat loss coefficient. For the future development of prebaked anode cells, there may be three ways:Using low-temperature electrolysis technology (at 800〜9001℃ ); Using inert cathode and anodes in the construction of new type electrolysis cells;③ a combination of ① and ②.
Textile science and technology made very important grogress in the 20th century. Faced to the 21st century, textile science and technology will be developing in four aspects： (1) researching and developing new products with better performances; (2) introducing high and new-techniques, modifying the textile science and technology; (3) developing manufacture techniques and apparatuses for spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing; (4) changing into the new management mode for textile manufacture, management, market, transport and capital.
The scheme of 2-dimensions optical orthogonal square codes (2D - OOSC) in optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) networks is given in this paper. The influence of coding parameters to the performance of the system is mainly discussed. It is proved that the relativity of the codeword satisfies the system requirement, and the system BER based on multiple user interference is ascertained. The results indicate that the number of simultaneous users that can be contained in this system will be much larger than that in the system with ID-OOC under the same conditions, the total transmitting capacity of the system will reach the level of Tb/s, and the performance of 2D — OOSC system will be largely enhanced, especially under the heavy transmitting traffic.
Standard room/corner fire test is a full-scale reaction-to-fire research method. It's mainly used to evaluate lining materials on enclosure. This paper introduces the principles and experimental devices of ISO 9705 room/corner fire test, and describes the progress in study on fire behavior of linings, which is under this method，including the researches of lining materials' HRR (Heat Release Rate)，RSP (Rate of Smoke Production) and surface flame spread process. Furthermore, the application of results on the classification and fire hazard evaluation of lining materials is analyzed. At last of this paper, some future work in this field is ponited out.
Edges as the main characterization of image vision have been throught as the main content in obtaining image information. Wavelet transform has the capacity for detecting local signal mutation and detects information using multiscale character, so it is taken as the excellent tool to detect the edges of the image information. This paper analyzes the basic theory using two dimensions wavelet to detect image edges on the basis of wavelet transform and then designs the detecting algorithm of the multi-scale edge matching. On the basis of researching results,the application programme is made to analyse the true examples.
To investigate effects of testosterone propionate on patients with unstable angina, testosterone propionate (50mg, im) was given to 48 patients with unstable angina (test group), twice a week for 12 weeks. A group of patients with unstable angina were treated conventionally as a control. Clinical symptoms were evaluated and level of blood biochemistry was monitored before and after treatment. A dramatic improvement in clinical symptoms was observed in 46 out of 48 patients (96%) in the test group, demonstrating significant differences between the test and the control group (P＜0.01). In addition, the level of TC, LDL, CRP and TG reduced significantly and HDL - C increased slightly in the test group. However, no such changes were observed in the control group. A conclusion can be drawn that testosterone propionate can significantly improve clinical symptoms and blood biochemistry level in the patients with unstable angina, probably through modulating lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation response, and dilating blood vessel.
As is well-known that coking furnace has a very important role in the petroleum industry. This paper introduced the application of temperature measurement by CCD to modern coking furnace. The principle of this temperature measurement is that the vidicon received the radiation coming from the object to be measured, and the results were processed by the computr. Also, the paper pointed out its development trend. According to a example that had been carried out successfully, the paper drew a conclusion that the method was feasible.
The talents resource is the foundation of knowledge-based economy and taking full advantage of talents is the key to the development of enterprises; effective motivation mechanism is a guarantee of beginning environment for talents. Thus, building motivation mechanism based on talents is essential to improving the competitive force of enterprises.
The article deals with the necessity of building motivation mechanism based on talents from the perspective of improving the competitive force of enterprises. The article mainly discusses the eight innovation in building motivation mechanism and enumerates the economic and social effects of innovation in respect of technology, product and personnel training after implementing the motivation mechanism, demonstrating the vitality and competitive force brought about by the motivation mechanism.
Famous Miner - Palmgren linear damage rule has been presented for 70 years. Because of the complicacy of fatigue research, no model could be compared with the Miner rule in engineering application to this day. Fatigue cumulative damage rule has been perfecting and developing. Based on the characteristics of fatigue damage and cumulative damage rule, this paper divided the rules of ascertainable fatigue cumulative damage rule into two main categories. One is linear cumulative damage rule. The other is non-linear cumulative damage rule (NLCDR). The latter can be classified into five categories： NLCDR based on damage curve method; NLCDR based on the degradation of materials performances; NLCDR based on continuous damage mechanics; NLCDR considering the effects of load sequencing on the fatigue life; NLCDR based on energy rule. The representative model of every category is analyzed in physical background and briefly commented. The main questions of fatigue cumulative damage rule are answered. Finally, the several issues are discussed.
The exploitation of mineral resources and production of materials require technology that is simple, economic, efficient and feasible. Some of metal materials can be extracted and produced directly from minerals at normal temperature and normal pressure such as copper, gold, uranium, cobalt and so on at present. How to exploit and utilize the limited resources as for as possible? A concept concerning production integration from resources to materials is put forward in the paper. And it is described in the paper that the feasibility and necessity of using technology that is short in flowsheet, less pollution, efficient and high quality of products from exploitation of mineral resources to production of metal materials and inorganic nonmetal materials. And also, an opinion is put forward for present conditions of resources and development of production integration from resources to materials in China.