China Yangtze Three Gorges Project is a particularly giant hydro-development project in the world with enormous scale and complex technology. Coming through seventy years project planning, verifying and decision-making, this ten years construction practice has demonstrated that not only great progresses have been made within project implementation stage, but also most of conclusions from the verifications and decision-making stage are correct. Some problems like sedimentation, environment and resettlement is still waiting to be tested in the actual operation of the project. This paper provides a brief introduction to the decision-making and practice of the Three Gorges Project.
New generation Doppler weather radar (NEXTRAD) has become one of the most important tools for monitoring and forecasting severe weather. It has been widely used in some developed countries. China's NEXTRAD network has been constructed since 1998, and the project is supported by national debt. The techniques in NEXTRAD development are described in this article, including the situation of construction and application in China, some problems that should be carefully considered in construction and several new fields of radar techniques in weather monitoring in future.
The important role of coal played in TPES was described, and the status of modern coal chemical industry and clean coal technologies was analyzed. Based on the scientific research experiences of the author, strategy and suggestion for the development of coal chemical industry and elcan coal technology in China were proposed.
Some characteristic features of the past regional geological survey in China have been summarized in view of its mission, i. e. it has been carried out principally in a traditional way. It is suggested and described that in the 21st century in additon to transportation, communication, recording and digital map making and so on, the regional geological survey should further meet the requiements from land resources, geological disasters, as well as improvement of environmental quality. Being directed by conception of modern geoscientific theory, it should conduct multi-disciplinary investigation, collect and regularize data, so as to realize three-dimensional multi-parametric mapping and theoretic synthesis. Several decades´ investigation in China has demonstrated that geological structure in depth is different from that either observed at surface, even at shallow depths, or inferred on the basis of geological structure at surface. In the future, deep investigation should be strengthened, with techniques for deep exploration developed. Obtaining high-resolution images from various depths will enable to people improve their understanding of the Earth to a new level, to set up completely new space-time evolution concept, so that to resolve resource and environment problems effectively.
In this paper, a brief introduction was made to the position of mangroves in coastal wetlands, mangrove species and their distribution, the definition of mangroves, importance of mangrove protection, and the social, economic and ecological values of mangroves. The 4 aspects of ecological engineering questions to be faced with were emphasized. They included： 1) The key to the mangrove rehabilitation is the choosing standard for the land fitting for afforestation; 2) The ecological models of sea beach building in mangrove areas; 3) Prevention of ecological invasion; and 4) Smallest resource and environment cost for largest social and economic benefits from mangroves.
The 1s electron cloud in hydrogen atom has the largest probability density distribution around a spherical shell with Bohr radius a0. The author thinks the probability density distribution and electron cloud belong in fact, to statistic regularity, and imply a macro-time scale is used, therefore in hydrogen molecule the product of energy and time is far larger than Planck Constant. Based on the overlap of electron cloud, the ground state hydrogen molecule structural parameters are calculated with the classical mechanics, and the hydrogen molecule bond-length Re, bonding-energy De and force constant k are represented Re = 〓a0,De = ze/4〓a0,k = ze/2〓 , respectively. When atomic-unit is used, z, e and a0 are all 1, and there is Re = 1.414 a. u. , De = 0.177 a. u. , k =0.354 a. u. . Compared with experimental values, the respective errors are less than 1 % , 2% and 4% . In this calculation, hydrogen molecule chemical bonding model is concise and has clear physical meaning, and no any artificial parameters are introduced.
The characteristic of the bearing under thin film lubrication is far different to that of conventional calculation bearing. After that the affection of the gap of bearing on lubricant is considered, .the properties of lubricant will display great change. Because of this change, the characteristics of thin film lubrication are generally researched and recognized. An equivalent viscosity corrected model is applied to analyze characteristic of journal bearing in this paper. For infinite width bearing, an analysis equation on pressure distribution is gained. Then, the properties of journal bearing are calculated accurately.
Knowledge discovery in knowledge base (KDK) is a brand-new task. Its success will directly act on the construction of large knowledge base, and, at present, it is important to the solving of the bottleneck of machine study—discovering knowledge. The main work of this paper is： The inductive structure of KDK based on the facts in knowledge base, and its algorithm and experimental verification; The inductive structure algorithm of KDK for the rules in knowledge base and its experimental verification.
Newton's second law and the law of gravity are summarized with experimental results. For discussing the possibility of deriving the two laws theoretically, according to the law of conservation of energy, the method of deriving improved Newton's second law and the law of gravity at one time with variable dimension fractal method is presented for an example (a small ball moves down along a long incline). For the sake of convenience, the results suitable for this example with the constant dimension fractal form are as follows： improved law of gravity F = - GMm/r1.99989 , and improved Newton's second law F = ma1.01458.
The yield mechanism of creativity achievement of gravity separation for solving engineering problem has been analyzed in this paper according to the divergence - convergence model, after the background and realizing track of the advanced dry coal separation with air-dense medium in fluidization bed be put forward in the field of mineral processing. And the application process of creativity thinking and its revelation effect have been discussed, too.
The fault diagnosis and prediction of satellites is a difficult problem due to the complex structure and the unique of operating environment of satellites as well as the presence of multi-source of satellite faults. Usually, one kind of reasoning model can only diagnose and predict one kind of satellite faults. This paper proposes a new method in which the use of multi-modal reasoning for satellite fault diagnosis and prediction is concerned. The method has been used in the development of the knowledge-based satellite fault diagnosis and recovery system and good results have been achieved.
By using the introduced CWO technology and its 200 L/d plant, more than 10 kinds of industrial wastewaters with high concentration in China, such as the waste liquor of coking, the black liquor of paper making, the waste mother liquor of bio-pharmacy and so on, were treated in this research. The results showed that the CWO technology and its equipment had a good applicability for treating the industrial wastewaters with high concentration in China. One set of CWO — 20 m3/d industrial plant, as a demonstration engineering installation of CWO technology, was independently designed, made and operated in Kunming city. During the running test, the CWO - 20 m3/d plant displayed a favorable treatment capability for the bio-degradedly difficult industrial wastewaters with high concentration. For the treatment of the waste liquor from coking and the black liquor of paper making, more than 99 % of CODCr and NH3 - N in the wastewater could be removed. The CWO -20 m3/d plant could be run continuously and stably. The treated wastewater could meet the discharge standard and the treatment process with CWO technology showed up a good economic advantage.
Rockburst is one of the disasters in the course of deep deposit exploitation. The problem becomes more and more outstanding with the exploitation from the surface to the depth. Because traditional research methods didn't or seldom consider the whole system, there is a longer distance between the conclusion and the actual application. Being based on the analysis of the system characters, the paper puts forward that the deep deposit exploitation system is an open complex giant system. Recently, one of the effective methods is metasynthesis engineering for this kind of problem. The essence of this method is to band the experts group,statistic data and other information and computer techniques together, forming a highly intelligent human-computer complex system where human intelligence is in the primary status. The detailed research methods and thoughts about rockburst disaster were discussed in this paper.
An experimental research is carried out on thirty specimens of steel reinforced concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) two-pile thick cap of 1-5 model ratio with different concrete strength, volume ratio of steel fiber, effective thickness of cap, reinforcement steel ratio and method. On the basis of experimental records, such parameters as the crack distribution and extending, the deformation at the mid-point on the bottom of specimens and the strain of concrete and tension bearing steel bar, the main factors which affect the ultimate bearing capacity of SFRC two-pile thick cap are analyzed systematically in this paper, which provide reliable data for further research on punch strength, shear strength and calculation on steel of SFRC cap with twopile. Meanwhile an available and reasonable reference is provided for revising the norm.
The base smoke density of the smoke fire detectors created by the air-pollutant inducing suspended particulate, especially the PM10, has been analyzed. It has also been calculated according to the ionization fire detectors. Through the comparison of the differences of the base smoke density, induced by the different levels of particulate pollution in atmosphere in different areas, it was found that the difference in base affection is quite little. In this case, it is impossible that the sensitivity and false alarm ratio of the smoke fire detectors will increase when they work in the heavy air pollutant area. So, the standards to define the sensitivity of the smoke fire detector could be the same in different areas, which have different levels of air pollutant. In the future, the effect of the base smoke density would not be neglected with the development of the way to measure smoke with high distinguishability, such as the particulate counter.
This paper first presents basic ideas, models and application steps for data envelopment analysis (DEA), then summarizes the development and main application fields of DEA as well as some main research results achieved during the past twenty years in these fields. Finally, the directions for future research are discussed.