The Arctic and Antarctic is a significant component in the earth system. There are increasing evidences showing that the interaction between human and the earth has become a driving force to the global change. The polar system has been playing an important role as a magnifier and an indicator to the global change. In the period of exchange between the old and the new century, researches on the Arctic and Antarctic system science represent a giant science era. The Arctic and Antarctic system science is not only studying operational mechanism, order, and controlling principle in the response and feedback of the Arctic and Antarctic system to the global change to provide scientific bases for regional complexity and the global change forecasting, but it is also a systematic engineering science to study high innovative technological utility and to improve human's understanding the nature as well as to effectively manage the polar system. In the past 20 years, through the effert by the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic National Research Expedition, Chinese scientists have obtained a further knowledge about the polar system complexity under the global change and the development and management of polar science expedition.
The paper presents analysis and summary about concept research, proof of technical channels as well as the strategic thoughts on manned space development and decision making of manned space in China, and presents a deep strategic thought about the development of modern grand engineering system in China.
With the urbanization in China entering the period of accelerated development, the flourish of building industry has attracted numerous foreign architects offices to come to China for “seizing a beach before others”.The crisis for Chinese construction industry companies lies in the fact that they usually can not take charge of important projects but only act as secondaries or cooperators; urban planning and architectural design are not supported by comprehensive scientific demonstration and some big cities become test sites for freakish architectural designs of foreign architects; residential environment is not stressed on, economics and practicability is not given importance but instead peculiarity and novelty is one-sidedly sought for. This paper emphatically points out that architectural buildings and urban planning are closely related to the function, economy, technology, environment, etc. of a city, being an open macroscopic system of the city. Hence basic principles of architecture should be followed, more architectural factors should be considered so that architecture, landscape and urban planning are merged into a homogenous entirety. While the trend of globalization is tracked, more important is the inheritance and innovation of local and traditional culture. The academic level of a modern architect can only be based on his rich cultural background, trans-science learning and solid speciality knowledge.
The paper reviews the eastward strategic shift of China's oil exploration in 1950s and the discovery of Daging Oilfield. The joint efforts by the former Ministry of Petroleum, the former Ministry of Geology and the Chinese Academy of Science are described. Also described are the contributions by Mr. Li Siguang in giving advice to the Central Government for decision - making, the former Ministry of Geology in providing geophysical and geological data, and the former Ministry of petroleum in conducting comprehensive research and organizing and accomplishing such work as deep - well drilling, coring, formation test evaluation, etc. The paper sums up the basic experience in oil exploration in 1950s aiming at to provide references for geological prospecting of minerals in the new century.
The strategic management of large projects is both theoretically and practically important. Some scholars have advanced flexible strategy theory in China. Strategic flexibility and flexible strategy, and the basic system and characteristics of flexible strategy coupled with the changes of flexible strategy and integration of strategic management are discussed in this paper.
The article introduced the selection and verification of the structural pattern of the penstock and spiral case of the TGP power-station. The decisions on the key technical issues in the construction of the TGP were made based on a huge number of scientific tests and verifications. The selection of the structural pattern of the penstock and spiral case in the TGP power-station is not only an important technical and economic issue, but also an issue relating to the long-term operation of the power-station.
An observer based on external and internal dynamics is designed, making the error between observing value and factual value to zero. Moreover, a continuously high-gain sliding mode controller is presented by using a sliding mode state which can make the error between the output and reference signal converge to zero. The analysis of stability and the result of simulation indicate that the controller designed has strong robustness and rapid convergence.
A study has been made on the essence of optimal set of uncorrelated discriminant vectors in this paper. A whitening transform has been constructed on the basis of the eigen decomposition of population scatter matrix, which makes the population scatter matrix an identity matrix in the transformed sample space. Thus, the optimal discriminant vectors solved by conventional LDA methods are statistical uncorrelated. The research indicates that the essence of the statistical uncorrelated discriminant transform is the whitening transform plus conventional linear discriminant transform. The distinguished characteristic of the proposed method is that the obtained optimal discriminant vectors are orthogonal and statistical uncorrelated. The proposed method suits for all the problems of algebraic feature extraction. The numerical experiments on facial database of ORL show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
By use of an eigenfunction expansion method, the expressions for the properties of kinematics and kinetics, which are due to scattering and radiation for a floating vertical circular cylinder over a coaxial cylindrical barrier in water of finite depth, are derived in the presence of an incident linear waves. The radius of the barrier is larger than or equal to that of the floating vertical circular cylinder. This paper presents the analytical solution for the radiation potentials due to heave, surge, and pitch and for the diffraction potential due to the diffraction of an incident wave acting on the fixed cylinder. It also proposes a set of theoretical added masses, damping coefficients and exciting forces. The results of the expressions are the same as that of the cylinder over a cylindrical barrier, the radius of wich is the same as that of the cylinder, in water of finite depth for added masses, damping coefficients and exciting forces at the same condition. Two methods to calculate exciting forces are presented and the results of the methods are the same. Finally, Analytical results of added masses, damping coefficients and exciting forces are obtained for different size of the barrier.
Radial basis function neural network is a type of three — layer feedforward network. It has many good properties, such as powerful ability for function approximation, classification and learning rapidly. In this paper, in the light of the merit of radial basis function neural network and on the basis of the feature analysis of vibration signal of rolling bearing, AR model is presented by using time series method. Radial basis function neural networks is established based on AR model parameters. In the light of the theory of radial basis function neural networks, fault pattern of rolling bearing is recognized correspondingly. Theory and experiment show that the recognition of fault pattern of rolling bearing based on radial basis function neural networks theory is available and its precision is high.
Based on the electromagnetic model for four-port resonant filter, the optical characteristics of several filters with rectangular cascade resonators have been numerically simulated by utilizing two-dimensional FDTD method. The relationship between the number of cascade resonators and the filtering features is analyzed. The narrow-band filter with four cascade resonators implemented on GaAlAs/GaAs planar waveguide is designed and fabricated. The experiment result shows the half-width of filtering spectrum for the chip is about 10 nm, which coincides well with that of the simulation.
With the development of transportation, the road and railway tunnels are more and more in the world. But great loss due to the tunnel fires happened in recent years shows that the tunnel fire safety is a problem. Realizing the characteristics of tunnel fires is very important for the tunnel fire protection. In this paper, given a tunnel, the smoke development in different situations was simulated using zone model (CFAST) with the multi-cell concept and field model (FDS). The smoke temperature distribution and smoke layer interface height were discussed. And the comparisons between these two models were made. The harm of fire and smoke to people and tunnel lining at different position was also discussed.
In the high energy consumption enterprises, systematic model controlling technology is used for saving energy. Electrical energy consumption of enterprise is divied into some units, and the object function model of electricity consumption of the units is constructed. The individul object function values of the units are the most important variants in the enterprise´s system object function. The object function model of the enterprise´s electricity consumption is constructed. Based on them,the optimum calculation and control are done to realize the minimum of the enterprise´s electricity consumption.
Micro simulation of solidification process is one of the focuses in material field, and simulation on microsegregation forming has important effect on directing materials processing. But papers about this field were seldom found on domestic publications. Influence of micro time steps on microsegregation simulation results was investigated in this paper and it is pointed out that the relation between the micro time steps and the microsegregation simulation results is weak for iterative method based microsegregation simulation. It is not necessary for using a large number of micro grids to converge the calculated results.
Building on reviewing the theories of path dependence, this paper analyses the two sources of the path dependence of corporate governance, i. e. Structure-driven path dependence and rule-driven path dependence,and reveals the effect of the path dependence in corporate governance. At last, this paper analyses the developing process of Chinese corporate governance, and points out three kinds of path dependence influencing Chinese corporate governance.
Engineering ethics is an inter-disciplinary subject developed in the late 20th century. But many engineers doubt how engineering connects with ethics. This paper analyses the view of engineering as application of science and the view of engineering as mere instrument for human values. Engineering is not an application of science to make risk-free products but risk-involving inherently and has great ethical implications. Engineering is more than an instrument for human values. On the contrary it has great reaction on social values. Engineering ethics should be studied on the basis of the interrelation of engineering and society. Within this framework engineers' responsibility is discussed.