The Chinese manufacturing industry was developed rapidly in the past decade and the needs of study of long-term strategy are increased. The definition of manufacturing strategy and interrelationship among strategy thinking, strategy planning and strategy management are presented. The recent reports on manufacturing strategic study in the United States, such as “Next generation manufacturing” and “Integrated manufacturing technology roadmap”，are introduced. The methodologies on study of Chinese manufacturing strategy are discussed： investigate the present situation, position and characteristic of Chinese manufacturing industry at first, then build up a competitiveness evaluation system for Chinese manufacturing enterprises, make a clearer vision and mission, and improve the education system for qualifying young engineers and workers. The guide and control role of Chinese Government and the development of private manufacturing enterprises are discussed.
Computer simulation has been one of the most important and advanced research fields in the materials science and engineering. It is playing an increasing important role in the studies of microstructural evolution during solidification of metals and alloys. In this paper, the recent progress in computer simulation of solidification microstructures is briefly reviewed. Various models including deterministic and stochastic approaches for the prediction of solidification microstructures are compared and assessed. Then, a modified cellular automaton ( MCA) model developed by the authors is introduced and its predictive capabilities are described by presenting some examples including the modeling of 2D & 3D dendritic growth, non-dendritic or globular microstructure evolution in semi-solid process, eutectic and peritectic microstructure formation, as well as the asymmetric dendritic growth features in the presence of melt convection.
On the basis of the analysis of the formation background of the concept “open complex giant system” in terms of the lectures, papers and letters published by Academician Qian Xuesen, this paper studies emphatically the abstract process of giant system → complex giant system → open complex giant system， introduces briefly the basic content of the theory of open complex giant system, and expounds that the formation of this theory has significance for development of science at present and in the future, especially for the investigation of system science, and noetic science—innovative thinking.
During the later 10 year period of twentieth century, there were two important events in the science and technology field which highly related to research on artificial intelligence (AI) ： One was fifth generation computer project of Japan, and another one wasintelligent computer project (863 — 306) of China. After these projects were performed, the realization of “intelligent automation ”was transferred and improved. The academician Qian Xuesen has made a speech to summarize the importance of man - computer cooperative information processing, and the aim was not intelligent computer. We should study and develop the man-computer cooperative intelligent systems. Now we review the past , on 1994 the establishment of a new discipline on intelligent science and intelligent technology proposed by the author of this article. In addition the citation for development of man-computer cooperative intelligent systems in recent years are briefly given.
To develop the agro-food industry is an important task of industry restructuing in China, which is a key measure for agricultural sustainable development, and a main resource to increase farmers' income. The agro-food industry depends on the development of the manufacture industry, the development of the processing technology, the development of the food science and technology, and also the development of the modernization of agriculture. In order to realize a more prosperous society and to develop the agro-fcx>d industry,the first priority should be to build technical innovation system of agro-food industry. The necessity of the technical innovation system for agro-food industry, and the main problems lying in the agro-food industry were discussed in this paper. The detail suggestions,on how to quickly build the technical innovation system of agro-food industry was put forward.
Gas in working faces is mainly produced in the destressing and desorption process of the coal bed, gobs and adjacent strata. The coal beds are too soft to carry out bedding drilling and draw gas effectively. If gob gas suction is adopted in a large area,the project will prove not only extremely difficult,but also fail to draw out gas of high concentration. Therefore, efficient gas suction is technically determined by seeking fracture aisles for gas movement and gas zone of enrichment. In the course of mining and destressing, gas originating from large destressing areas will go through the fracture aisles of the full development areas and gather in annular fracture areas. The similar material experiments in the laboratory, the numerical simulation and the in-situ study are applied in this work in order to find the location of annular fracture areas in overlying formation. The long-drill mehtod for gas suction along the strike of annular fracture areas is adopted. Mining in coal beds with gas of high conentration and low permeability and gas suction can be operatod separately. During mining activities in the working faces,gas released from roof fracture areas will not flow into upper corners, so the technically drilling problem in soft coal beds with low permeability and high concentration gas can be solved. The application of this technology in the working faces of the gassy mines in Huainan shows that gas suction rate is above 60 percent, making it possible to mine safely,efficiently and intensively.
This paper discusses some improvements for the R/S analysis method (rescaled range analysis) in engineering and economics and their application. For the analysis of total fire number in China, two new data grouping methods for calculating the Hurst exponent H are presented. The difference of Hurst exponent AH is introduced to judge the possibility whether or not the next year's fire number will be increased suddenly. For the R/S analysis of the calculated Hurst exponents, a new group of Hurst exponent H1,i. e. , Hurst exponent of Hurst exponent, and related △H1, can be reached, the rest high order Hurst exponent and related difference H2, △H2, H3, △H3 and the like may be deduced by analogy. According to the fire numbers from 1950〜1999, the fire number of year 2000 is forecasted with R/S method.
Pulse Transiently Chaotic Neural Network (PTCNN) can find almost all optima including the part optima and the global with its abundance dynamical characteristic, when is used in nonlinear non-constrained optimization. The optimization problem is first unconstrained by virtue of non-differentiable exact penalty function, and is further solved by PTCNN. It is showed by an example that this method is efficient.
The W-M fractal model and the physical meaning of fractal parameters (D, G，y) are briefly introduced in this paper. The relationships between model parameters and roughness parameter Ra are studied theoretically. The simulation shows that their relationships are correct.
On the basis of design load in force, the revised factors of variable load used in estimating existing bridge structures are given according to the theory, which is the probability that the load used exceeds the reservice term should be equal to the probability that the load used in design exceeds the service term. The theory of time-dependent ability is adopted to evaluate the residual service life of structure and a method is adopted to revise the variable load.
This paper is related to task arrangement of the IPD process plan. The IPD task feature is discussed in regard to coupling and administrative levels. The stratified and distributing IPD process plan strategy is built. The task arrangement modeling and related Hungary algorithms is given with conception of cost matrix, and then related examples are demonstrated.
Using the theoretical method of reliability-based robust optimization design (in part 1) , several springs in automobiles, such as torsion bar, coil spring and multi-leaf spring are computed and the emulation results are analyzed. According to the method presented in this paper, the reliability-based robust optimization designs for automobile components in practical engineering are obtained.
As the traditional description of engineering geoinformation is lack of visualization, and can not reveal the spatial tendency of geological structures very well, it is more and more difficult to meet the designers' demands for making geological spatial analysis. By using GIS and visualization techniques, a method of geological digital 3-D modeling and its visualization in hydroelectric engineering is presented in the paper, aiming at making the analysis of geoinformation visual. With an example of engineering application, it has been shown that the method gives an effective way to describe the spatial distribution of geological structures and their complex relationship so that the engineering design can be executed interactively and conveniently.
This article mainly formulates that rainfall seeping makes the volumetric water of unsaturated soil changing, and the water content relates closely to soil suction. That means soil suction changes with the stability of whole unsaturated soil slope, that is, the safety coefficient has some relationship with volumetric water. So the “dangerous” volumetric water condition cna be determined under which, the unsaturated soil slope also is danger. By monitoring the volumetric water condition changing of unsaturated soil slope, some information of unsaturated soil slope stability can be obtained.
The paper introduced the preparation technology for bulk amorphous alloys. The samples were prepared by using the vacuum arc furnace, and the melt was processed by three different methods. The crystalloids of the samples were analyzed by using X - ray diffraction technology. The results showed that the compound oxide glass composed of B2O3 and Na2SiO3 reacted with some elements in the melt, therefore, it wasn´t favourable for coating the Zr66Al9Ni9Cu16 alloy, hence hindering the formation of the amorphous state. The fluorides composed of CaF2(45%), A1F3(50% ) and CaO (5%) and frace Ti02 reacted with some elements in the melt, so they were not suitable for purifying the Zr66Al9Ni9Cu16 alloy. High vacuum degree of equipment and high purity of the raw and processed materials were the important factors for to promoting the melt to form the amorphous alloy.
Through researching on a rock slope by the improved CSF methods,the paper works out not only the security coefficient of the slope but also its critical slip surface, the influence factors and slip causes. It is proved that the author's ideas and ways, which can be studied and applied，are easy, appropriate, significant and reliable.
In this paper, the dominance of the state-owned enterprise and current situation in ferms of project management are analysed on the basis of the sum up of phase I construction management of the TGP. From the view point of the change of the way of thinking and the deepening of internal reform of enterprise, some of concrete suggestions for enhancing the project management are given in the paper.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a new optimization technique originating from artificial life and evolutionary computation. The algorithm completes the optimization through following the personal best solution of each particle and the global best value of the whole swarm. PSO can be implemented with ease and few parameters need to be tuned. It has been successfully applied in many areas. In this paper, the basic principles of PSO are introduced at length, and various improvements and applications of PSO are also presented. Finally, some future research directions about PSO are proposed.