Biodiesel derives itself from renewable resources such as oils and fats. As an alternative fuel, biodiesel is attractive owing to its less exhaust emission, good lubricant performance, fully degradation ability, etc. However, its high cost is an obstacle to the development. This review aims to probe into the possibility of the manufacture of biodiesel in large scale as an alternative fuel and organic commodity chemicals, in which some factors including the feedstock of biodiesel production in China, the processing technology with china´s own independent intellectual property and the development of high added-value derived products from biodiesel are discussed. It is emphasized that the advanced technology conforming with Chinese situation is essential to make this new industry competitive.
Four kinds of technology for liquid fuel from biomass, together with their principles and procedures, are narrated. The paper is mainly concerned about new tendency in all kinds of technology for liquid fuel, for example selective fast pyrolysis, liquefaction of algae, selective supercritical extraction and simulation of function of organism for processing biomass with lignin. Moreover, there are examples with new tendency in this paper. Finally, all kinds of technology are analyzed.
From the angle of the complement of Chinese traditional culture and Western culture each other, this paper briefly studies some typical examples about original self-determined innovation of modern science and technology since the 70's of the 20th century in China, and briefly summarizes a bit of understanding of the paper*s author, when he was devoted in the study of typical information method (TIM). The paper tries to demonstrate with practical examples that the traditional Chinese culture plays a great role on the self-determined innovation of modern science and technology, the form of which, etc . , is preliminarily investigated in this paper.
The Stationary Plasma Thruster (SPT) will play a very important role for China's future space developing plan. And the magnetic field is the key to improve the performance of SPT. The evolvement of the magnetic field character applied to the two generations SPT has been reviewed. Then a set of engineering method used in the magnetic field design for SPT is set up in the paper. Besides, some possible problems existing in the method and the corresponding ways to resolve them are respectively put forward. And the expectant results are also anticipated when the set of method is applied to the magnetic field design for SPT. At last, more advanced development and application of the magnetic field design method is imaged.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since 1978, China has gained significant achievements in agricultural development. However, at present China is facing new challenges and must further push ahead the process of modernized agricultural construction. In 2003, While the per capita GDP exceeded 1 000 USD in for the first time in history, China was faced with the strategic opportunity of strengthening food and nutrition work. Food security involves quantity, quality, nutrition, resource of food as well as many aspects of work in food industry. It is essential to establish the thought of concerning the vital interests of the people and scientific development outlook, take the “Development Program of Food and Nutrition in China” as the guide, and assure the food security in China in the new era. The 14 years of development of Green Food Cause in China has made important contributions to food security. However, it is essential to do more solid work in green food development scale, technical support and management system, so as to promote even greater development of green food cause and make even greater contributions to food security in the new era and to building a well-off society in an all-round way.
In this paper, the automatic meteorological recorders of time —sequence are transformed into structure information on the basis that time doesn't own dimension of matter. The results show that the irregular information of automatic meteorological recorders may be used in careful forecasting of rain storm, which will provide a technique for evolutional irregular information over a wide range. So, the meteorology should be of evolutional science, or in other words, taking it as a branch of the inertia system of I. Newton is open to question.
The meridian (Jing-Luo) is a core principle of Chinese medicine. The meridian plays a central role in the regulation of human health and vitality. In the past 50 years,the scientific evidence has been gathered via physiological experiments to confirm the biological basis of the human meridian pathway phenomenon. Meridian Science has been established as a new branch of natural science to advance and promote the study of this important phenomenon for human life. In this paper, the authors describe the theoretical concept of the meridian and mathematics expression, its relationship to an efficient meridian circadian cycle, and its significance to human life.
The article introduces several digital information systems of mine which established on PC platform by the author using the software package of mathematical economic modal of deposit, GIS software, and furthermore putting them into solving the dynamic management of mine produce, produce programming, produce scheme and decision optimization of systems, rational utilization of the resource, searching ore and increasing reserves on the margin or in the deep part of those old mines, etc, so improving the socialize economic efficiency of mining exploiture.
The vehicles always undertake different loadings including external disturbances and the design of vehicle control system has model errors. The primary design techniques for 4WS controller are their inability to degrade the performance of closed-loop systems. The design of yaw rate tracking control system architecture by using μ synthesis robust control is presented and the weighting functions are selected. The results show that the control system has fine dynamic characteristic, robust stability and robust performance, and the 4WS vehicle with the proposed control strategy can provide greater maneuverability and driving safety.
In the recent years, the operating voltages of most high-performance microprocessors were lower than that of the previous ones and the research of low-voltage/high-current DC-DC converter was enhanced. Among all topologies, the current-doublers topology is optional. In the current-doublers topology, the ripple current of the output filter capacitor is reduced because the ripple current of the two inductors partially cancel each other and the required value of the filter inductance is significantly decreased. To further decrease the ripple current of output filter capacitor, this paper introduce a new method that a few of current-doublers are interleaved. This paper gives the switch signal waveforms and simulation model of the circuit. PSpice is used, which is a simulation tool for electronic system. The result of simulation achieves the ideal effect. Finally, the design is tested by an experiment.
Maximum entropy principle is imported into the basic complex method in order to improve the ratio of successful run. A new search idea is presented as follows: firstly the search optimum design point is defined as the design point whose entropy is the biggest among all the design points of the complex and a new better design point is found on the line through the search optimum design point and the integrated centroid of the remaining design points. A new complex is generated after the search optimum design point is replaced with the new better design point. The method iterates until the information of the complex is utilized thoroughly thereby proposing a new complex method. The basic complex method and the complex method based on maximum entropy principle are used to locate the critical failure surface with the minimum factor of safety of two non-homogeneous soil slopes and the comparisons of the results suggest that the ability of the complex method based on maximum entropy principle to find global optimum is stronger than that of the basic complex method.
This paper introduces the hardware design and the position control method of a valve positioner based on ARM microcontroller. On the one hand, the selection of ARM with CAN interface of Philips as the core controller can not only satisfy the calculation and collection of real-time data, but also keep a real-time communication between the valve controller and the host computer. On the other hand, the design of control method with intelligent integral and self-learning fuzzy controller improves the intelligent level and the position precision of this valve.
The road tester of the MST - S motorcycle is a special apparatus on the road trial. With the application of photo electricity transmission sense principle, the instrument, whose kernel is based on the AT89S52 CPU, can inspect the running time on line within the distance through the photoelectricity viewfinder that is installed on the experimental road. Then it calculates the multiparameter in the motorcycle driving and saves the data into the DS1642 chip, which could resist the volatility and administer the time. The experimentation has the ability to complete the testing items for oil consumption veraciously via the mounted fuel flowmeter. Connecting the keyboard query with the intermittence in the survey, the meterage can intercept various intervals. At the same time, for adopting the anti-jamming, which increase the experimental reliability and survey precision respectively, it reduces the trial error.
The relation between coarse grain and rupture of casts was found through analyzing the formation of coarse grains and tests for eliminating coarse grains on ZG32Cr06 cast steel. The results of tests show that the coarse grains, as a results of too high casting temperature and the premature trunk opening in water explosion blast cleaning , can be eliminated by heat treatment. The measures for preventing coarse grains in casts were proposed.
A nonlinear combination forecasting model was established by using neural network and accelerating genetic algorithm (AGA) in the paper. AGA was used to optimize the network parameters as BP approach was slow with training network. Optimization results of AGA were taken as original values of BP approach, the network was trained with BP approach. Network convergence rate was increased with running BP approach and AGA alternately. Meanwhile the part least problem was improved. Examples were presented finally, as a result, the forecasting precision high in evidence.
In this paper the principle of the algorithms on association rule mining is introduced firstly, and researches of the algorithms on association rule mining are summarized in turn according to variable (dimension), abstract levels data and types of transacted variable (Boolean and Quantitative) in the process of data mining. At the same time some typical algorithms are analyzed and compared. At last, some future directions on association rule generation are viewed.