Based on the analysis of the imbalance between supply and demand in China's crude oil resource and the global oil supply-demand situation,the paper point out the way for the healthy development of China’s auto industry： formulating and implementing as soon as possible the policy on fuel consumption tax： and developing automobiles with low oil consumption, low pollution and low cylinder capacity ： attaching importance to the development of diesel automobiles ： formulating and implementing strict economic standard for automobile fuel oil and strict standard for exhaust emission, and raising the technical level of design and manufacturing of automobiles：speeding up the elimination of out-dated vehicles.
Metasynthesis is a new contribution of Qian Xuesen to modern science and technology in recent 20 years. It is one of the main achievements in the third creation upsurge in his life. Starting from analyzing historical background for the formation of metasynthesis,and quoting a large number of already published data, the article textually criticises and expounds the practising basis and practical process of the abstraction and formation of metasynthesis and the subsequent enrichment and development. Then the article points out its chief characteristic and its great effect and meaning for the development of modern science and technology.
Study on noetic science and noetic system engineering can provide and technical support for scientific decision and consultation. Establishing and initiating an open giant noetic system, the noetic system engineering, is a brand-new engineering. The paper describes social thinking and collective wisdom, the frame structure and technical pattern of hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering, as well as the Internet-based living example of the hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering.
The piecewise extrapolating method is applied to study the single anchor cable in this paper. The results are compared with the analytical results and the agreement is good. The polynomials are used to approximate the functional relations between the loads of the anchor cable and the displacement at the top of anchor cable, the water depth, and the velocity of flow on the different conditions.
The paper presents advances in investigations of a new jet , the self-resonating water jet, including its design principles, impacting properties of impact pressure and rock erosion, and field applications in China. The researches show that nozzles designed on basis of organ pipe structure can generate self-resonating cavitating water jets. As compared with conventional cone-shaped nozzle with 120 degree of taper angle, the amplitude of impulse pressure, and maximum impact pressure increases 24% and 37% respectively, and rock breaking efficiency increases by 1 to 2 times. Self-resonating water jets have been successfully applied in petroleum engineering. Roller bits, devices for treatment of near well- bore formation, self-excited oscillating water injectors with the self-resonating water jet technique have been developed, and great economic efficiency has been achieved.
The model for thermal condition of an electron gun of TWT was established firstly. With ANSYS this thermal condition was simulated and analyzed. By changing some parameters of the electron gun´s structure and working condition, especially the size of the grid and the working power, different temperature distributions were obtained. These results supply efficient reference to the optimizing design and reasonable use of electron guns in TWT.
In order to master the satellite temperature change caused by thermal control system faults more easily and roundly, satellite thermal control system faults were sort into three basal classes： thermal resistance type, control strategy type,and passive heat load change. A dynamical model which can reflect the temperature change laws of satellite surface, radiator, indoor environment and key electrical equipment was also introduced. With this model the temperature changes caused by thermal faults can be conveniently simulated and this provides a mathematical model and simulation method for fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control system design of satellite thermal control.
The area source model of particulates was deeply researched, and the places of the initial precipitation of the area sources of particulates were determined. The precipitation of the particulates into the inside of the area source would not be considered. The concentration of the particulates in the inside of the area source block equalled the source intensity of the pollutants of the unit area that was multiplied by the reflection coefficient of the ground surface and divided by the wind speed of the ground surface.
The particulate precipitation of the outside of the area source would be considered. Using the back set method of the virtual point source, and referring to the tilt smoke and cloud model of the part reflex of the point source, the area source model of the particulates was fully given. The edge concentration of the area source was processed by the part of the linear insertion, lest the discontinuity of the calculated results. The central point place of the area sources should be moved horizontally a micro-distance at X and Y directions so that the possibility of the coincidence of both the calculated point and the central point of the area sources would be eliminated.
The scattering characteristic of fire smoke is a major aspect in fire smoke detection foundamental research. Based on Mie scattering theory, the paper presented some research on comparison between different algorithms. An improved algorithm was adopted to calculate the scattering intensity and its distribution in all directions. To verify the theoretical calculation results, a set of experiment was designed to measure the light intensity in three directions of different fire smoke. From the experiments results, it could be found that the results of calculation and experiment had a good accord. It can be concluded that the relative ratio of scattering intensity is an important parameter for certain material, and different kinds of smoke by this ratio.
The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has the characteristic of engineering largeness and technology complexity. The Three Gorges Reservoir started storing water on June 1, 2003, and water level reached 135 m on June 10. The double-way consecutive five-step ship locks succeeded trial navigation on June 16, 2003. The first hydro turbine generator units were put into operation on left bank in July, there were 6 sets hydro turbine generator in operation at the end of 2003. The Phase Ⅱ construction of TGP, in terms of storing water, navigation and power generation, has been finished. Breakthroughs have been made in a number of key technology problems, such as the TGP general layout and dam engineering, power station, the double-way consecutive five-step ship locks, super - hydro generator set, river diversion, river closure and cofferdam, research and practice of giant project’s management, etc.
High-iron sphalerite was subjected to two-stage pressure leaching. The leaching rate of zinc and iron was 97.09 % and 15.2 % respectively. The yield of elemental sulphur was 93 % . The residual acid in the leachate was 3.95 g/L. By easy neutralization and purification, zinc sulphate solution was obtained, which would be sent to the zinc electrowinning operation. For the purpose of comparison, one-stage pressure leaching on average sphalerite was conducted. Leaching rate of zinc and iron was 98.09 % and 37.88 % respectively, and the yield of elemental sulphur was 96 % . The leachate with higher acid content (46.4 g/L) could be integrated into the existing traditional hydrometallurgical process of zinc
Aerostatic bearings have been applied widely in aviation, aerospace and precision electronics. Three-axis table is the equipment that has high precision and is used to check, demarcate and establish the error model of inertial system and work-piece. The measurement accuracy is related to the control and navigation in aviation and aerospace school. The equipment’s accuracy has influence on the revolution accuracy. Porous aerostatic bearings have higher load capacity, static stiffness and highed damping than other restricted bearings. The paper presents theoretical analysis of porous aerostatic bearings and compares them with orifice aerostatic bearings. The results show the load capacity of porous aerostatic bearings is higher than orifice aerostatic bearings.
This paper presents an intelligence decision supporting system to prevent and control such disease like SARS. Using some new decision supporting theories, an intelligent decision supporting system can be created to conduct the noise analysis of SARS epidemic situation, forecast the evolution direction of the epidemic, and give proper solution. The system is divided into four parts： noise analysis subsystem, forecast and simulate subsystem, treatment and control subsystem and second recovery subsystem. The forecast subsystem is based on FGR system, which combines forecast methods of traditional differential equations with data analysis.
The optimization of blasting parameters in engineering blasting is a complicated nonlinear programming problem. Based on the mathematical model of blasting optimization in open pit mine, the optimization problem is solved with genetic algorithm in this paper, and the feasibility and high effectiveness of optimizing blasting parameters with genetic algorithm are proved by the results. It has provided a new effective approach for solving this problem.
The various materials as fuel are burnt in an experimental device of Room-Corridor structure, the mass loss rate of which, and the relationship of the mass loss rate with the smoke transportation velocity and CO concentration at a distant location are studied in detail in this paper. It describes the characteristics of mass loss rate of various materials and indicates that the smoke transportation velocity is a linear function of mass loss rate, and is sensitive to the variation of the mass loss rate. It takes a relatively long time for the peak of the toxic species concentration to transport to the distant location.
The developing status and research progress of PEMFC at home and abroad were outlined in the paper. Simultaneously, hydrogen storage technique, and some key technique including PEM, bipolar board, membrane electrode and electrocatalyst,as well as their pplication and future outlook are described.