The paper reviews the system engineering formed during the development of China´s space activities in the past 50 years and the principle, structure and method of its scientific management. It states that top-level design, overall planning and centralized administration are the essential manifestation of system engineering of China ´ s space activities, and also are the important feature of scientific management of space activities and the fundamental guarantee for the sustained and healthy development of China´ s space activities.
China ´s space industry has witnessed a series of remarkable achievements in the past 50 years. Promoting the development of space industry is the objective request of building an innovation-oriented country and realizing the strategic objective for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The future development of China ´s space industry should be aimed at serving the national economy and social development. It should adhere to the principles of “taking application as the leading factor, and innovation as the motive force; combining spacecraft with ground equipments; sharing infrastructure and data resources; coordinating military and civil applications and developing in an open manner.Through the combination of government´s lead with market orientation, 4 major projects, namely manned spaceflight, lunar probe program, Big Dipper navigation program and high-resolution earth observation，should be carried out preferentially.Priority should be given to such application areas as satellite communications, satellite TV broadcasting, satellite navigation and positioning and satellite remote-sensing, etc. Efforts should be made to form a space industrial system, which has a certain economic scale and a complete industrial train and develops harmoniously with related industries.
Meteorological satellite program of China was initiated in 1970s. Since then, two series of meteorological satellites are developed: polar and geostationary named as FY1 and FY2 respectively. Ground segments are major components of FY meteorological satellite projects. The paper reviews the programming, key technology and success rate of the operation of the FY meteorological satellite ground segments. FY meteorological satellites have become an essential portion in the modernization of China´s meteorological system. They are also ranked by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as a portion of world weather watch (WWW) space component. Data, products and information gained from meteorological satellites have been broadly used in various fields, such as weather forecasting, climate prediction, agriculture, environmental and hazard monitoring, etc. The paper discusses the success of FY meteorological satellite program.
Earth Observation and application is one of the core missions in space technology development. Up to now, over thousands of spacecrafts have been launched, and earth observation satellites occupy a very important position. It has become an area of no substitute, which can bring profit to economic development, national security and demands on environment and resources. The development over decades shows that earth observation technology has become a strong trend around the world. In China, earth observation Technology started from 1970s. Up to now, it has developed over four stages and has acquired considerable scale in the technology system, which spans the spectrum and achieves considerable development in data collecting. Besides, the application is expanded and in-depth basic research and processing methods have been set up. In the National Long-Term Technology Development Program, there are severalimportant items and research projects relevant to earth observation. In China, earth observation technology will abide by the principle of “Demand Pulls, Technology Pushs”，aiming at coming up with international advanced technologies.
The paper describes the present situation and development trend of the launching system in space activities abroad, and analyzes the situation of China´s “Long-March” rockets and the gap between China and foreign countries in that regard. The paper also proposes 5 development directions for enhancing China ´s spaceentering capacity： renovating active launching vehicle; developing the next generation of rocket series; developing small-sized rockets that can be launched quickly and flexibly; developing launching vehicles capable of manned lunar landing and outer space exploration; exploring the techniques for reusing launching vehicles.
High reliability, high safety and high quality to ensure the absolute safety of astronauts are the upmost requirements to manned launch vehicles. This article introduces the system concept, system constituent and basic design principle of LM - 2F manned launch vehicle.
China has independently developed the “Long-March” rocket group, containing 14 types of launching vehicles capable of launching satellites into near-earth, geostationary and sun-synchronous orbits, launching manned spacecraft into space, and launching explorer into outer space. The overall technical performance of the rockets has reached the international advanced level and China has acquired a share of the international commercial launching market. To meet the demands of future development of space technology, China will accelarate its development of the new generation of launch vehicles with non-toxic, non-polluting, high-performance and low-cost qualities so as to increase China ´ s space-entering capacity，to promote the construction of national economy and to build up the comprehensive national strength.
The paper describes the developing process of China´s missile and space cause and the great achievements made by the pioneers. Under the guidance of the scientific outlook on development and system science theory, the paper brings forward the thinking about the development of China´s missile and space activities.
Compared with the satellites and manned spaceships circling the earth, the spacecraft for lunar exploration has to endure more complex and more rigorous environment . Especially, the lunar surface environment may cause very severe problems, thus should be considered carefully in the design of spacecrafts and lunar rovers. A conceptual design of lunar surface environment simulation system was proposed. Most of the environmental factors, including lunar dust, geography, the compressibility and frictional effect of lunar regolith, hard vacuum, temperature variation, can be simulated simultaneously. The system may serve as the test facility of spacecraft and rover design, optimization and verification.
This is a deep sentiment after studying the book Rising Above the Gathering Storm—Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future” published recently. Science the implementation of the strategy of reivigorating China through science and education 10 years ago, there has been a lot. of exciting achievements. But at the same time, the current situation is not fully reaching the vision expected. In this paper, the problems China faced are discussed, the serious potential results of the problems are analyzed and some suggestions are provided. The summary of the book above mentioned is given as annex.
The scientific meanings of safety are analyzed. The concept of “zaishi” is introduced and the fact that it is just the research object of safety science is pointed out. The types of “zaishi” and their relationships are also discussed, based on which the necessity and feasibility of the construction of safety science are expatiated .The connotation of safety science and the basic approach of the construction are analyzed in a new point of view. Finally，the hierarchy of system of safety science and technology is discussed
In view of the inevitable shortage of oil resources,or a so-called post-oil era,this article analyses the current utilization of carbon-containing energy, calls for a down-to-earth reserch of find the best utilization of carbon-containing energy so as to readiust the current energy consumption pattern and ease the over dependence upon oil resources. The author starts his analysis from the element structure of carbon-containing energy, proposes some suggestions including the full utilization of oil resources to produce transportation furels and petrochemical feedstock, the rational utilization of coal to curb the industrial and civil consumption of fuels, the reasonable utilization of natural gas resources to develop natural-gas-fueled vehicles and GTL,the full utilization of biomass to produce motor fuels, biomaterials and organic chemicals.
The thesis standardized the extension information and the extension knowledge, that is, basing on the information and knowledge, the thesis extended the mutative information and knowledge, and nailed down the conceptions of extension data mining and extension reasoning. This thesis also attested two theorems of the extension data mining and the formula of the extension reasoning. The author put forward the extension data mining which extended from mining the static knowledge to mining the mutative knowledge. So it exploited a new aspect of data mining, and illuminated it by examples.
Transmitting effects of aero-optics is very important to optical imaging probing system of interceptor, as it may cause displacement, jitter and blurring of image to receive for the system. The optic transmitting characteristics is analyzed when target ray goes though turbulence flow. The engineering model for optical transmitting characteristics of flow is built up and empirical model for optical imaging system induced by aero-optic transmitting effects is described. The displacement, jitter and blurring are simulated. The numerical simulation results suggest that transmitting effect of aero-optics has powerful influence on the imaging probing system, which is related to flight parameters, imaging system parameters and integration periods of imaging probing system, etc.
For the working problems of laying head of high speed wire rod, choosing cubic spline function to fit the actual measurement data, the velocity and force model is used to analyze the state of the wire rod and research the curve´s effect on the laying head. On the basis of the consequence of calculation and the measured data, the bad working state is due to the sharply changed value of curvature of the pipe and the speed fast changing at the outlet of the pipe. By making some improvement on the space curve and bending processing of the pipe, the working state of laying head such as tail throwing is improved remarkably and the service life of single pipe doubles. The reform consequence approved that the theory model is correct and the renovation methods are reasonable.
The LS channel estimation of OFDM systems can be viewed as a noisy observation of the true channel frequency response, so the noise component can be compressed through subspace projecting. In this paper, the substance of the improvement of LS channel estimation is analyzed when subspace projecting is enforced, and the general framework to perform subspace projecting in the context of OFDM channel estimation is given, based on which this method is exterded to non-LS channel estimation. When signal subspace varies with time, subspace tracking should be performed to maintain a good estimation of signal subspace. At the end of this paper, a subspace tracking based parametric channel estimator is presented, and computer simulation shows that this channel estimator outperforms its nonparametric counterparts.
The classical particle swarm optimization is a powerful method to find the minimum of a numerical function, on a continuous definition domain. The particle swarm optimization algorithm combining with the idea of the genetic algorithm is recommended to solve knapsack problem. All the 6 hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithms are proved effective. Especially the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm derived from across strategy A and mutation strategy C is a simple yet effective algorithm and it has been applied successfully to investment problem. It can easily be modified for any combinatorial problem for which there has been no good specialized algorithm.
Lead acid storage battery used on the electric bicycle is unfavorable to environment protection and resource continuable development. The paper introduces the zinc-air power battery which can be used to substitute the lead acid storage battery. From the technical point of view, the zinc-air battery has high capacity, small volume and proper structure. The main characteristics are the special design of the air electrode and zinc electrode, proper assembly of the single cell. The qualification of the battery has also been compared with like products.