The Information Office of the State Council published November 21 a white paper, titled “China´s Space Activities,” which gives a brief introduction to the aims and principles, present situation, future development and international cooperation concerning China，s space activities. This was the first time that the Chinese government publicly introduced to the world the space development strategy and policies. It becomes a milestone in China aerospace history, bearing significant and time-long influence to future development. This paper introduces the backgrounds and connotative meaning of some important ideas and viewpoints in the white paper, including the concept of China space activities, the roles and status of organizations and enterprises of different types in space areas, etc.
This paper reviews the achievements of China´s space industry made in the past 50 years, summarizes the experiences and problems, and, against the backdrop of the developing trend of international space activities, describes the future development strategy and key areas of China´s space industry.
The definition, goal and impacts of deep space exploration are summarized. After a retrospect to past deep space exploration activities of human being to date, both recent deep space missions and future missions in 5 years are listed. There are also brief introductions about the future strategic plans of NASA, ESA, RAKA, JAXA and ISRO. Then the authors analyzed some important features of global deep space exploration scheme. Key technologies of deep space exploration are also determined. The status of China´s deep space exploration plan is introduced including CE-1 lunar orbiter, the subsequent China Lunar Exploration Program, especially proposals for the second stage of China Lunar Exploration Program, China-Russia Mars Exploration, Kuafu Mission, Hard X-Ray Modulated Telescope, Space Solar Telescope. At the end, some suggestions for China ´ s future deep space exploration are made.
The rapid development of terrestrial network technologies and the increasing complexity of space missions have generated a strong demand to extend the internet to space and to establish an integrated space-ground network system, and technologies today have already provided feasibility for doing so. The current situation in China is that space-ground protocols are not unified for different spacecraft in spaceflight missions. Space mission data can not be shared and the integrated data utilization ratio is still low. This paper analyzes the demand of future space missions and demonstrates the significance for China to develop its integrated space-ground network system. Status quo of space-based network system abroad is introduced. A concept on the overall objective, composition, network system architecture, and network protocols is proposed. Some key technologies are analyzed. Finally, suggestions are given regarding the steps of development.
To explore the moon demonstrates the wisdom and capability of mankind. China ´ s lunar exploration program that features “orbiting”，“landing” and “returning” is the third milestone for China´s space industry. As a developing country, China conducts definite deep space activities under limited conditions, reflecting its strong national strength and symbolizing ability of its space industry.
The lunar-landing is the continuation of manned spaceflight engineering. Comparing with the manned airship engineering, it requires more credibility and sweepingness, and it needs more funds. On the basis of China´s achievements and foreign countries´ experiences, the paper brings forward the idea of using the existing transportation technology to sent the launch vehicles and cosmonauts to the near-earth orbit in batches, assembling the components together on the space-launch platform, and then launching them to the moon. The paper also discusses the space-launch platform and the launching way.
China´s spaceflight missions are more and more complex and diversified and their requirements on TT&C systems are taking on more and more high level, precision and sophisticated features. As such, China´s spaceflight TT&C systems are again facing new opportunities and challenges. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the road of development and status quo of spaceflight TT&C systems at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the features and trend of development of spaceflight TT&C systems, and proposes an integrated ground, air and space development strategy for TT&C and communication system including optimization of the ground-based TT&C network, development of a space-based TT&C network and development of a deep space network taking into consideration the specific conditions of China in the field. The paper also explores key technologies for development of China´s ground-based, space-based and deep space exploration TT&C and communication networks.
Drawing on the experience of land observation cause in developed countries, the thesis has depicted the work done in China´s land observation system. Furthermore, it puts forward such concerns that improving the quality of remote sensing data is the foundation, enlarging the data sharing is the key, and carrying out typical applications to serve national economy is the aim. By doing so the smooth developments of national land observation system can be achieved.
Complex system simulation is an important technique for scientific forecast and decision-making investigation. By this means, direction forecast and decision-making investigation of public scientific literacy of Hunan Province are achieved. With this case study, this paper presents the whole course of complex system simulation, including modeling, evolving, forecasting and stimulating by external-event, etc.
An experimental study on the classical experiment that verifies the momentum-energy relation in the special relativity theory is carried out and it is found that when magnetic intensity varies the experiment results do not confirm to the prediction of the special relativity. By analyzing the results, the paper points out that the postulate of special relativity on the invariation of the force acted on a moving electron is wrong, and further proposes that the Lorentz force (theoretically) acted on the moving electron should decrease as the velocity of electron increases.
The closed-loop feedback structure of PID generalized predictive control (PID - GPC) is proposed, then small-gain criterion is used to obtain a sufficient condition for the robust stability of PID - GPC under the condition of model-plant mismatch ( MPM) . Further more, the influence of PID - GPC parameter tuning on its robustness is analyzed in frequency domain.
The working principle of silicon micro-resonator system was firstly introduced. An intelligence silicon micro-resonator system design and realization was presented in focus. Its two step working flows for roughness and fineness searching and digital interface technology were analyzed in detail. Combined with experimental data and sweeping curve, two different searching results came out under different vacuum circumstance and its working performance was well evaluated.
Building subway in subtropics, to reduce the power consumption for air conditioning is a complicated matter . According to the weather characteristics of Guangzhou and the engineering practice in Line 1 GZ Metro, an economic environment control system is established, which applies the Platform Screen Door System and is adapted to subtropic subway for controlling environment.
To rejuvenate Chinese soybean production,this paper puts forward some independently innovative soybean processing technologies, including： 1 ) The method to extract albumen, short peptide, nucleic acid, isoflavone, saponins, and oligosaccharide from soybean meal at high and low temperature; 2) The method to extract compound soybean functional gene from defatted soybean meal at high and low temperature. These two methods target at “high-temperature soybean meal”.which is the byproduct of lipid industry. The extracted products include： 1) High-purity soybean oligopeptide (albumen content≥92% ; NSI value 100% ; solubility 100% ) ;2) High-purity soybean isoflavone (total isoflavone content ≥92% ：G:D≥8:1);3) Soybean composite factors.
Three basic types of accidents are proposed in this paper, that is, inevitable, random and man-fault accident types, which are described by mathematical equations, so a quantificational concept of safety theory is defined. From this point, traditional safety theories are supported by mathematical equations. At the same time, the general approaches to prevent accidents are outlined.
This paper introduces a kind of biomass pyrolysis set based on fluidized-bed, which has such characteristics as feeding feedstock with two screw feeders and cooling hot pyrolysis steam with spraying of bio-oil .Experimental result shows that the developed pyrolysis set is available to convert biomass into bio-oil and all biomass have an optimal temperature for maximum bio-oil yields. For instance, bio-oil yields of sawdust, rice husk, corn stalk and cotton stalk are 63% ,53% ,57% and 56% respectively at optimal pyrolysis temperature. The analysis indicates that the calorific value of bio-oil is about 17 MJ/kg and bio-oil is a mixture of water and oxygenic compounds including almost all chemical categories. The research also shows that drying biomass can effectively reduce the moisture in bio-oil, and the bio-oil stored for half a year still can be used as fuel oil.
The concept of construction project ecosystem was put forward conjoined with the characteristic of civil project system based on ecology and applied ecology. The hierarchy, principle and composition of it were specifically analyzed by contrastive method. It is a nonlinear dissipative structure, the same as life system in respect of evolvement and balance. The Logistic model meets the condition of construction project system development.
The rebound method may be used to detect the intensity of the concrete. But there would have wrong judgment when using the rebound method to detect the intensity of the moist or water-immerged concrete, because the compressive strength of the surface of the moist or water-immerged concrete is always influenced and debased. The result of the rebound method detection on the moist or water-immerged concrete compressive strength must be corrected. Firstly, the detection data getting from the present detection of the wet and dry concrete of the same grade are analyzed using the duality contrast regression. Then the influence of the moist or water-immerged concrete compressive strength on the intensity detection of the rebound method is get. Finally, the intensity curve equation of the rebound method that can meet the demands of the precision on the moist concrete is established, and the concrete compressive strength is reflected completely.