As predicted,the global economy is stepping into a so called "biological economy" by 2020, which can be explained as economy mainly dominated by biological technologies. The essay discusses the proposition, definition, classification and characteristic of biological economy, also, the importance of positive view of happiness in a biological economy condition and the reason for emphasizing people's happiness achieving,and the definition of happiness philosophy. It also discusses which views of happiness should be recommended and how to practice a positive view of happiness in the scientific and technological circle in China.
Based on analyzing research achievements and technical trend of modern water-saving agriculture in China, combining technical development and demand on modern water-saving agriculture, the author suggested five of technical research emphases on modern water-saving agriculture in the future, including the biological water-saving technique,inferior water resources development technique, water-saving irrigation technique and equipment, dryland water high-efficient agriculture, and the regional development mode of water saving in field for water-saving agriculture.
The superiorities of peanut industry in China is clear in terms of planting distribution, economic efficiency and market potential.But the problems still exist in many ways such as policy-support,scientific and techonological support, specialized production,safety of food and the turning of peanut into many kind of products.The measures can be taken to promote the peanut industry in China including enhancing the support of policy,working out the plan of production,improving the scientific research, developing the specialized growth,guaranteeing the production of safe food, combining the production nicely with supply and market,and giving priority to the intensive processing of peanut.
The analytical method for roller pen inks was established by capillary zone electrophoresis.After optimizing such conditions as20mmol桙L borate buffer at pH 8.5, 100μm×40cm fused silica capillary column,separation voltage of15kV,photo diode array (PDA) detector and scanning range190~600nm were adopted in experiment.Electropherogram of different roller pen inks' extracts were obtained. The problem of relative writing age was investigated from relative changes between different dyes in inks detected by PDA in visible wavelength.
In the fracture study of softening materials,the damage area of crack tip is regarded as a piece of nonlinear crack with cohesive force.The cohesive force has resistant effect on the crack extension.The stress intensity factor of crack solids is a fracture mechanics index that denotes the effect of loading and crack geometry.The resistant SIF of cohesive force has relationship with the values of length of cohesive crack and ultimate tension stress.Through the double-K fracture criterion and fracture model of three point bending beam, the effect of crack cohesive force on the fracture process is analyzed.For maximum loading of bending beam with crack,the calculation approach is presented and the results are well fitted with concrete tested data.
Recently,the phenomenon of software aging,one in which error conditions actually accrue with time and/or load,has been observed. To counteract software aging, which can cause outages resulting in high costs,a proactive restart technique called software rejuvenation is proposed and the rejuvenation cost is analyzed.In order to reduce the rejuvenation cost and improve software availability and reliability further, rejuvenation granularity should be finer than before. Therefore a fine-grained proactive technique——multilevel software rejuvenation is put forward. Firstly, the degradation law of system performance can be determined by analyzing the occupation and wastage of system resources. Based on the law and the software architecture,the two software rejuvenation policies, i.e. time-based multilevel software rejuvenation policy and detection-based multilevel software rejuvenation policy, can be drafted, and the rejuvenation granularity can be determined. Their formal description of policies is given by finite-state automaton. Finally, the entire process is illustrated with a web service case. This paper provides a case to illustrate the process, and the simulation results of the case show that the multilevel software rejuvenation policy can reduce the MTTR and rejuvenation cost further, comparing with the only system-level software rejuvenation. As a consequence,the system availability and reliability are enhanced.
Hypersonic vehicle is nowadays a focus in the field of aeronautics and astronautics. It will encounter with severe aero-heating during hypersonic flight. As a result, a reliable integrated thermal management system is a necessity to ensure flight safety. Concept of integrated thermal management system was put forward respectively,based on the characteristics of hypersonic vehicles with different missions.For vehicle which is characterized by short flight time and quick change of velocity and altitude,a concept of thermal management system which uses liquid唱hydrogen as major heat sink and PCM material as supplementary heat sink was presented. For that with longer flight time and higher Mach number,a concept of thermal management system using endothermic fuels as heat sink was advanced.Key technologies concerning these concepts were discussed, and research focuses in the future were indicated.
2DLDA algorithm is based on2D matrices and overleaps the step of transforming the matrices into the corresponding vectors,which is done on conventional LDA algorithm.However,performance of recognition rate may always be degraded by the overlapping(outlier)samples et al in the field of pattern recognition.How to avoid these shortcomings and extract optimal features to improve the performance of recognition is a key step. In this paper,a new2DLDA algorithm,named fuzzy2DLDA,is proposed.Fuzzy k-nearest neighbour(FKNN) is implemented first to achieve the distribution information of original samples represented with fuzzy membership degrees and is incorporated into the process of feature extraction.The proposed algorithm inherits the virtue of conventional2DLDA and suppresses the shortcoming resulted by overlappin g(outlier)samples et al. Experimental results on AT&T face database demonstrate rec ognition rates of the proposed algorithm outperform that of conventional2DLDA and fisherface.
The convergence of the Constant-modulus algorithm widely used in DVB system is a complex problem.Firstly,some influencing factors such as cost function,iterative equation and filter coefficients are considered;then,in this paper,an ameliorative algorithm with time-delay estimate is proposed,which can avoid converging to the ill solution by correcting the position of main path.Simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can highly improve the convergence performance of the primary one.Besides,its simplicity and efficiency make it feasible in the high-rate 3G connection application.
A new interpretation of Planck's constant and wave-particle duality was formed based on the micro-photon theory. From experimental data on hydrogen spectral lines, it is found there is an invariant ζ= Nλ which suggests that an energy unit of a photon hf contains N micro-photons of equal mass,whereλis the distance interval between two adjacent micro-photons and f represents the number of micro-photons emitted per unit time.By using micro-photon theory to calculate the velocity of light,it is found that c=fλ is really an invariant constant with whatever inertial reference frame.The conclusion is that the principle of light velocity being invariant by Einstlein is not a hypothesis, but really a fact.
A nano-scale sulfur polymer composite cathode material has been developed for Li/S polymer secondary batteries, and its cycle capacity is over 700 mAh/g when the lithium metal is used as the anode. Its discharge voltage is the half of that of LiCoO2, showing the exchangeability between the nano sulfur battery and LiCoO2 battery. Graphite/Sulfur cell works well. Nano-scale Cu/Sn alloy powder has been synthesized by a novel micro-emulsion process. Its cycling capacity is over300mAh桙g. Both Sn/C composite prepared by ball milling and Sn/C microspheric composite prepared by carbothermal reduction show good electrochemical performance. Lithium compensation of anode materials by Li2.6Co0.4N for the initial irreversible capacity paves the way to prepare large capacity anode materials. The successful preparation of Poly(AN-MMA)and Poly (AN-BuA) copolymers shows that the cost of gel electrolyte can be reduced. The advanced Li/S polymer secondary batteries will be developed in the near future.
For precise control of the nanophase powder characteristics, electrically assisted hydrocarbon flames using electrodes have shown quite effective, either by ion or electron attachment, so the coagulation rate of the particles is reduced, as unipolarly charged particles repel each other. Charged particles are also attracted towards electrodes, thus lowering the local particle concentration and therefore the collision rate. The flame structure, height, and temperature are also altered by the electric field, which can significantly influence the particle residence time at high temperatures and therefore affect particle growth or sintering and crystallinity. It was shown that field generated by the electrodes across the flame decreases the particle residence time in the high temperature region of the flame.
As a new type of ecological technique in wastewater treatmen t field, Constructed Wetland was gradually put into application and received growing attention. Since the wastewater purification process in constructed wetland was a complex and nonlinear state affected by many interactional factors, it was hard to establish exact mathematics model to carry out multi-factor analysis and determine best operation condition by traditional means. Based on plenty of reliable experimental data, genetic neural network was first tentatively utilized to simulate the pollutant removal system of wetland, and some key problems were discussed, such as how to determine optimally the topological structure, sample scale and unitary method for training data, etc. Optimized GA-BP network was established to simulate orthogonal test of wetland system. According to the results of orthogonal test, best operation condition was decided and the factors(e. g.water level, hydraulic retaining time, etc)were classified. Therefore, proper feasible methods of pollutant removal were put forward.
This paper presents a numerical simulation of the interaction between smoke and water mist in a fire using CFD software package Fluent. Motion of droplets of different size in the flow field is studied and their fire extinguishing ability is compared according to whether they can reach the combustion zone. Scattering of thermal radiation from fire by water mist and the effects of breakup and coalescence of droplets at initial stage are also studied. Modeling results demonstrate that radiation is the main heat transfer process;bigger droplets are easier than smaller one to get away from the circumfluence zone and to arrive at the combustion zone. Water mist attenuates thermal radiation by absorbing and scattering, and it may enhance combustion reaction rate at initial stage. These results agree with experimental result.
Combustion characteristics of wood crib fire under two different conditions, i.e. accelerant added and not added, was studied to investigate the accelerant effect on combustion characteristics of combustible materials. The experiments were carried out in a full-scale room in accordance with ISO9705, where multi-parameters were measured, such as heat release rate, mass loss rate, temperature field and species concentration. At the same time, this process was numerically simulated. The computational results were consistent with experiment data.
Ant colony algorithm is a novel category of bionic meta唱heuristic system, and parallel computation and positive feedback mechanism are adopted in this algorithm. Ant colony algorithm, which has strong robustness and is easy to combine with other methods in optimization, has wide application in various combined optimization fields. Based on the introduction of the mathematical model of basic ant colony algorithm, typical improved models and applications of the ant colony algorithm in the21st century are listed. Finally, based on the systematic address of model improvement, theoretical analysis, parallel realization, application field, hardware realization and intelligent combination, the key issues and prospects of the ant colony algorithm are proposed in detail.