Based on the idea of eco-compensation, this paper explicates the necessity and theory basis of compensation mechanism of water pollution control, and discusses its discipline, object, mode and other correlative issues. According to actuality of the three gorges reservoir and its upstream areas, advices on the construction of compensation mechanism of water pollution control by government were brought forward.The construction and improvement of compensation mechanism of water pollution control can relieve the fund shortage of water quality protection in three gorges reservoir and its upstream areas, and stir the enthusiasm of local governments of upstream and downstream areas to control water pollution, which have realism significance to water quality protection and water pollution control of the whole drainage areas.
The Cu consumption by the chinese cable industry amounted to 3.54 million tons in 2006, taking over 70 % of the total Cu consumption in China in that year. At present, making Cu rod directly from recovered scrap Cu and saving Cu with Al have become topics of general interests in the chinese cable industry. The quality of the Cu conductors in the industry is declining, resulting in sharp decrease in the rate of qualified wire and cable products. More and more Cu wires are drawn from the rods made directly from scrap Cu. The manufacturers know well some of the wires or rods are unqualified products though, they continue to use or produce products,not complying with standards in order to make profits. Now the consumption of Cu-clad-aluminum and Cu-clad-steel is growing gradually. In 2006, the consumption of Cu-clad-aluminum in China amounted to ca. 50 000 tons. But in some applications, neither the common understanding between buyer and supplier nor the results of feasibility study are achieved in the product orientation and technical/economic feasibility in terms of saving Cu with Al. This paper presents the status-quo, problems arisen and suggestions in terms of making Cu rod directly from recovered scrap Cu and saving Cu with Al, in a view to promote these two topics of general interests to go toward a virtuous circle.
The present work makes a contribution to thermodynamic study for the separation of tritium by CECE method from D2-heavy water involving tritium.The reversible decomposition voltages of H2O,HDO,D2O,DTO and T2O have been calculated and the difference of decomposition voltage for H2O andT2O is 0.047 V. Therefore,the electrolytic volt of heavy water must be less 0.047 V than that of H2O. The functional relations of vapor pressure and vaporization heat with temperature from 0~100 ℃ for these five kinds of hydrogen-isotope water are derived. The equilibrium constants for reaction (19-1) and reaction (19-2) are also evaluated and both are quite small. Therefore,it is impossible to realize the two reactions in static system,however,it is possible to realize them in flow system. The most disadvantage for CECE method is the rather poor selectivity,the exploration is try to under way.
GAC will be effective for the advanced treatment in drinking water due to the aggravating micro-pollution of drinking water source in China, but the chemical security of GAC filter effluent should be taken into account. It was proved that the micro-organic matter in the GAC filter effluent still was in a higher level of quantity, such as AOC density (211 μg/L). And some new organic matter was tested in the effluent. The effects of carbon characters, source water quality and operation of AC process on the removal results of micro-organic matter were investigated. The GAC process removed effectively the disinfection by-products, while not steadily sometimes. The BAC process also removed the HAAs precursor; but it was limited to remove the THMs precursor. The adsorptive ability of AC to remove disinfection by-products was limited, depending on the characters of AC and the one in drinking water. AC could remove the majority of ozonation by-products including inorganic by-products (formaldehyde) and organic by-products (bromate). However, when the plant used purify oxygen to produce ozone, the removal effect was different from bench scale. And BAC was used for removal of microcystins (MC), which was influenced by source water quality. Most part of MC was degraded by microorganism, other part of MC was adsorbed by AC. In addition, AC removed the Ames mutagens effectively to ensure the safety of drinking water, even if AC adsorbed the total organic carbon to the maximum.
This paper is to investigate the activated brain areas and the neuronal mechanism of Chinese paired-word associated learning and memory in healthy volunteers by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. 16 right-handed normal volunteers participated in a test of paired-word associated learning and memory, while the fMRI data were recorded. Control tasks were performed for the block-design. SPM 99 was used to analyze the data and to get the activated brain regions. 14 volunteers passed the paired-word associated learning and memory task. Both cortex and subcortical structures were activated. The brain cortex areas include the bilateral frontal lobes, the bilateral parietal lobes, the bilateral occipital lobes, the bilateral cingulate gyrus and the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus with extremely left hemisphere predominance and the left temporal lobe were activated by both coding and retrieval stages of the paired-word associated learning and memory task. The subcortical structures including the striatum and its marginal division (MrD) were activated with left predominance, the caudate and the thalamus were also activated during the tasks. However, the left occipital lobe and the middle and inferior frontal gyrus of the left frontal lobe were more activative than others in scope and brightness during the coding stage of the paired-word associated learning and memory task, while the left parietal lobe and dorsolateral part of the middle frontal gyrus were more activative than others in scope and brightness during the retrieval stage of the paired-word associated learning and memory task. The left middle and inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe, the left lateral parts of the occipital lobe, the left superior lobule and supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe might play more important roles in the paired-word associated learning and memory task than the rest of the cortex. The MrD of the striatum was mainly involved in coding stages of the paired-word associated learning and memory task. The results of this study revealed that the subcortical structures mainly the striatum as well as the cortex were involved in the associated learning and memory of language in human brain. The transform of activated brain areas from the coding stage to the retrieval stage of the Chinese paired-word learning and memory was described and its neural mechanism was discussed.
A prediction model for residual strength of stiffened panels with multiple site damage based on artificial neural network (ANN) is developed, and the results obtained from the trained BP model are compared to the analytical and experimental data available in the literature. The results obtained indicate that the neural network model predictions are in the best agreement with the experimental data than any other methods, and the modified linkup models predict better than the linkup model proposed by Swift. In the end several simulations are carried out to predict the trends with varying input parameters. The results show that the residual strength decreases linearly as the half-crack length of lead crack increases and increases linearly as the ligament length increases for both kinds of stiffened panels, but the one-bay stiffened panels are more sensitive to the change than the two-bay stiffened panels.
To overcome 3 shortcomings of the traditional PNCT (pure numerals ciphering technology) of that, properties of the divulging a secret, the allotted time and the dead secrets. This paper gives a novel ciphering technique based on specific properties of intelligent VCN (variable carrying numbers). All allowed cipher numbers are FCN (fixed carrying numbers), in the traditional PNCT, and their changing rules of FCN are both very simple, mechanism and too difficult to be remembered, so that they make the mentioned shortcomings of being sure secrecy in the course of nature. The VCN are extension of the FCN, which are also a new concept of numbers in a broad sense, but their complex,intelligence and flexibility in changing rules are just to overcome the 3 shortcomings of PNCT in FCN.
How to ensure the existing tunnel's safety and the train normal running while the electric railway multiple line tunnel was blast boring? By study and practice,the paper gives an answer through stepped digging method, underholing style, holes scatter and the structure of the hole and detonation technology. It receives good technological achievement and remarkable social and economic benefits in practical application. It provides successful experience for the similar engineering in the future too.
Put two metal sheets very close together in vacuum, we'll find they attract each other with a small but measurable force. The explanation for the Casimir effect is that empty space is cracking with zero-point energy(ZPE), a phenomenon arising from quantum theory, and this energy pushes the metal plates together. All scientists agree that such a force does exist, but the trouble is physicists can't agree on what it means for something to be true. Is empty space really fizzing with energy? Perhaps the answer may determine the fate of the universe. A variety of anomalous phenomena in nature or at laboratories could be explained by the Casimir effect and the torsion field theory.
Computer finite element method is a revolution of mechanical design, it can avoid risk and faults efficiently with the result of finite element analysis(FEA). This article is about upper case of hydraulic transmission box. First making three-dimension model and offering stress analysis model, then by finite element analysis and comparing two schemes,this design problem is solved by mending scheme.
General form of principle-agent model in integrated supply chain has been discussed from principle-agent Theories. Based on the above model, construction project supply chain one-period principle-agent model and multi-period construction project supply chain reputation model have been built with the characters of principle and agent of construction project integrated supply chain.
Application and characteristics,development outline and foreground of aluminium in the rail transportation vehicles are discussed.
Indium is an important supporting material for modern hi-tech industry. The resource and output of indium in China ranks first in the world, and its extraction technology reaches the international advanced level as well. The new technology for extractive metallurgy of indium and the development of indium industry are discussed.