Through a study on materialist conception of history, it is indicated that engineering is a basic practical activity during humanity existence and development, and always a direct productivity at different historical periods. The engineering activity appeared before science activity. It is also believed that the knowledge and activity which relates to nature should be divided into three components of science, technology and engineering.The main characters of the science activity are "exploration" and "discovery" , the main characters of the technology activity are "invention" and " innovation" , and the main characters of the engineering activity are "integration" and " construction" . From a point of view of modern knowledge, a related knowledge chain (knowledge network) exists among science-technology-engineering-industry. The relationship between engineering and industry is more direct and closes.The engineering is a practical activity of humanity for maintaining existence, multiplication and development, and constructing "homeland" and "living" well, and is also an embodiment of human wisdom and seeked "ideal" . From a point of view of philosophy, the result of the engineering activity usually embodies in constructing a new existence, i.e. an integrator of optimized construction under a certain boundary condition. Engineering integration contains various technical element integration, and also contains optimization-integration of technical element and basic elements of economics, society and management under a certain condition.Under a condition of new century, engineering is an important field of innovation activity, should be a new field of philosophy consideration. The transcendence of philosophy and engineering exists various "intermingling" and "merging" . Therefore, engineering needs philosophy, and philosophy needs to face engineering. An interaction of engineering and philosophy is a feature raising in the Chinese engineering philosophy.
Nowadays,with rapid economy development in China,many magnificent projects have been built and put into use continuously,which reveals the important status and tremendous effects of engineering management and indicates a new engineering age for our country. Engineering philosophy is called for in the engineering age and is indispensable in supervising the practices of project construction management. It is not only a necessity of philosophy development, but also an urgent request in this age when engineering philosophy research is promoted greatly. Based on the discussion on the forming,developing and main research content of engineering philosophy,this paper put forwards the philosophy connotation and essence of engineering as corporality,variability and pertinence with time and space. It further discussed the philosophy connotation of some aspects of engineering management such as ideas,axiology,methodology, organization and innovation,in order to accelerate the progress in our country of both engineering management theories and practices.
Philosophy of science and philosophy of technology were both established in the West first,however philosophy of engineering rises in the West and the ones in the East simultaneously. This paper outlines the important events occurred and books published in China and those in the West at the beginning of 21st century. At last there is a brief comparison between predominant characteristics in the field of philosophy of engineering in China and those in the West.
Contemporary engineering values play an important role in engineering education. The paper analyzed the essential content of contemporary engineering values. Then we studied the problem of overemphasizing scientific and technological rationality in traditional engineering education. At last the corresponding strategies of engineering education are carried out based on integrated rationality and contemporary engineering values.
During the 10th "five year" plan, the exploration work in Daqing Oil Field was conducted positively from the perspective of philosophy, with new achievements and 4 new inspirations. The first inspiration tells that cognition sources from practice, and confined practice would result in limited cognition, only by judging historical events progressively and evolutionarily could made great innovations. The second inspiration expounds that exploratory risks exist objectively and associate with chances. Solving the conflicts between risks and chances is the key to success. The third inspiration illustrates that oil-finding ability is productive force, while organizing and managing being production relations.Productive force would be accelerated by adequate production relations. The fourth inspiration concludes that freeing exploration ideas is the internal cause and foundation while development of exploration technology being the external cause and condition. External causes would take effect through internal causes, and generate qualitative change. "2 identification technologies" innovated together with the new development of "3 engineering technologies" in Daqing Oil Field have beneficially supported the exploration prospects.
Large complex technical programs/projects mainly involve the engineering systems to be developed and the organization systems in which the projects are carried out. It has been a common knowledge that systems engineering is an interdisciplinary approach to enable the realization of successful system. Some commonly used definitions of systems engineering are provided by the best known international technical standards, and they all have a common theme. Nowadays, great needs for systems engineering approach are emerging from major engineering projects in China, but there seems to be a confusion of "what systems engineering is" .The organization system is an open complex giant system. The holistic competence of an organization has an important impact on the success of projects. The systems perspective and approach are essential to organization management. The kernel issue is how to encourage people and how to cultivate an organizational creativity and productivity. In complexity study, this is the issue of the recognition of the micro-mechanism of system macro-emergency property. Neither analytical methods nor statistical methods are able to describe social system complexity quantitatively and accurately.
Datong—Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transportation in China, extends from Beitongpu line in the west,reaches Qinhuangdao in the east,and opened in Dec., 1992, totaling 653 km with designed volume of 1×108 t/a. In order to meet the requirements of national economical development, the transport capacity of the line must be expanded rapidly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR,for the first time in the world,realized the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4. Meanwhile, it developed auxiliary equipment for heavy-haul transportation through combining 2 Hexie heavy-duty locomotives with controllable train ends. Relying on integration innovation, it succeeded in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong—Qinhuangdao line, which triples the annual volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.
The development of industry of uranium mining and metallurgy in China has been reviewed generally, emphasizing investigation approaches and application levels of uranium mining technologies such as in-situ leaching and heap leaching, stope leaching.On the basis of analysis on status of uranium mining and metallurgy and problems are existed, also considering the specific features of deposit resources, the development orientation of uranium mining and metallurgy in China is pointed out. The industry of China uranium mining and metallurgy is faced to new opportunity of development and challenge in 21th century, and the only way to realize sustainable development of uranium mining and metallurgy and harmonious development between economy and environment is to develop new technology on mining, ore beneficiation and metallurgy, increase the utilization level of uranium resources and low down impact on environment caused by mining and metallurgy.
This paper introduces the formation of the Improved Chinese PWR technology—CPR1000 which is applied in Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station (Phase II) and Liaoning Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Station, and its key technological innovations.
Safe disposal of high level radioactive waste is a challenging task facing the scientific and technological world. This paper introduces the latest progress of high level radioactive waste disposal programs in the world,and discusses the key scientific challenges: the precise prediction of the evolution of a repository site; the characteristics of deep geological environment;the behaviour of deep rock mass,groundwater and engineering material under coupled conditions(intermediate to high temperature, geostress, hydraulic, chemical, biological and radiation process, etc); the geochemical behaviour of transuranic radionuclides with low concentration and its movement with groundwater;and the safety assessment of disposal system. Several large-scale research projects and several hot topics relating to high-level waste disposal are also introduced.
The minimization of the nuclear waste is the key problem for the long term and sustainable nuclear energy development.Accelerator driven system (ADS) is a kind of high efficient nuclear waste transmutation machine (or incinerator), which is the key technique to solve the nuclear water problem. The basic theory of ADS and driven influence of ADS on the advanced accelerator, advanced cooling technique, etc are introduced. Meanwhile the present research situations of ADS in some countries are compared. At last,the key problem of the ADS development and the relationship between ADS and the development of nuclear energy in China is discussed.
Qinshan Phase III (PHWR) Nuclear Power Plant, the first commercial heavy water reactor nuclear power plant in China, was the biggest trade project performed between the governments of China and Canada. As the owner, the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Company (TQNPC) persisted in independent innovation management during the project construction, commissioning and self-dependent operation, efficiently realizing the three controls of the project, i.e. quality control, schedule control and investment control, and persisted in technical improvement on the basis of digestion and absorption of CANDU-6 technology to improve the unit safety and reliability. The project construction practice has helped China’s nuclear power project management to become programmed, computerized, standardized and management internationalized on the existing basis. After completion of the project, with unit safe and steady operation as the prerequisite, TQNPC performed several technical modifications and innovations to continuously improve the unit performance. In the area of staff development, TQNPC paid much attention to cultivation of corporate culture, strengthed staff training and built up a good circulating mechanism with staff training and project construction promoting each other. Further to “Zero Breakthrough” and a new step forward of locolization successfully realized in Qinshan nuclear power plant and nuclear power qinshan joint venture company, the improvement and developemnt of nuclear power project management level in Qinshan Phase III (PHWR) nuclear power plant provided reference for promotion of nuclear power development in China and standardized management of introducing large imported project.
The paper introduces briefly the application of remote sensing technique in engineering routing, site selecting and survey. It describes the application characteristics of remote sensing in engineering geology and thought that the application differs from that in other fields. It also points out that the application in China differs from that in other countries due to different national conditions. The paper discusses with emphasis on some issues in application, including the interpretation and processing of remote sensing images, date comprehensive analysis, application of remote sensing in the engineering construction stage, etc.