Bridge design and construction are key to high speed railway engineering. During the process of a series of bridge-building experiences such as Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway bridge, Wuhan Tianxingzhou bi-purposed bridge over Yangtze River and Nanjing Dashengguan bridge etc.,we have borrowed sophisticated technologies and successful experiences from all around the world and carried out in-depth study and research on ideas and concepts, technical standard, design characteristics and applications of technologies, thus key technologies for high speed railway bridge with Chinese characteristics gradually took shape.
To get low-risk design project of complex weapon equipment, the integrated design methodology based-on reliability is proposed. The product's reliability must be analyzed and quantified during the whole product life-cycle; and in the design phase, some measures must be taken to assure appropriate margin of the product during the service and mission environments.It is an important problem to find one balanceable optimal design amid advantage, reliability and robustness of the product, so that these characteristics are all brewed and produced during the design procedure, and not analyzed and evaluated afterwards. Due to product design and decision-making with incomplete information in general, the new methodology of quantification of margins and uncertainty (QMU) is introduced based on traditional decision-making methodology, which does depend on experiment results and partial numeric simulations, to provide an engineering analysis method of validity evaluation. Some practice suggested that this design methodology may have extensive engineering application future.
At present, the development strategy for biomass-energy in China mainly aims at the substitution for fossil energy sources. However, due to the different national conditions between China and developed countries, the traditional biomass-energy which is used to meet the needs of country energy consumption ranks the third in total energy consumption of China. The development of biomass-energy industry should be realized in two stages—in the early period, implementing the strategy for substituting for traditional bio-energy and in the long term, for fossil energy sources.
Even in the science-technology highly developed time, diseases are changing incessantly with the development of society. A number of new and vicious types of diseases emerged uninterruptedly. The diseases changed on infinite variety of forms, even more these diseases are all dangerous. Under this situation living environment of human being is facing damages, and medicine science is meeting by rigorous challenges. Authors suggested that all diseases were composed with several special basic symptoms, the cause of symptoms was unbalance of five-organs and their functions. The function consists of tissues, organs and systems of human body, which formatted an organic system. It was discovered that the function of five-organs kept almost constantly in a considerably period of time, the way human being reacts to diseases was invariant. That means symptoms did not change with the variant of the diseases. Basing on these facts, and abstracts from "Huangdi Nei Jing" , "Yi Jing" and "Dao De Jing" , authors formatted the general principal of all kinds of Diseases (GPD) theory, which extended the traditions Chinese medical (TCM) theory in a new field.
Electrical heater is an important type of active thermal control methods. A dynamical equation of its control object's transient temperature change is established through principle analysis. The heating power demand calculation models at different temperature control models have been developed from the dynamical equation. The calculating flow of electrical heater's heat power has also been introduced. An active heating loop design example, which is included at the end of this paper, shows that the equations developed above can be used conveniently in satellite's active thermal control system designing and calculating.
The market of vending machine is presented in this article. The paper introduces the present technology states of vending machine in detail and summarizes the applications of vending machine in other fields. Furthermore, the influences of vending machine on our life and society are discussed. The conclucions are the vending machine will be developed into a wider and more convenient network platform of M-commerce, as well as it can save more energy and produce more little negative influence on our society.
A method that uses annealing algorithm to improve the inefficient local search of genetic algorithm is proposed. That method bases on analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the annealing and the genetic algorithm. The algorithm optimization is more rapidly in precision after annealing algorithm integration with the genetic algorithm. By examples of cement ratio works, compared with results of the simple algorithm, it is effectively.
The impacts of climate change on the biodiversity are become a crucial issue of conversation biodiversity. The general trends of the study impacts of climate change on the diversity of gene, population, and ecosystem diversity were reviewed and future research also been suggested in this paper. The studies about the effects of climate change on biodiversity should be further improved.
The hardware and software of a pulse vacuum sterilizer are designed in this paper by using a high performance microcontroller and large-scale programmable logic circuit with the technology of in-system program. A control strategy based on fuzzy data fusion is also proposed. Finally the simulations and experiments of pulse vacuum disinfection control system are carried out, and the research results show the method is effective and feasible.
The key of forecasting transmutation of wall rock correctly is to construct the reasonable mathematics model of time-distance curve from measuring data when distorting, which is hard to describe accurately with traditional method of recursive analysis. According to the characteristics of feed forward neural network of radial basis function to construct the forecast model of deformation of wall rock in multi-arch tunnel and cllso uses Matlab tool to solve the optimal problem. The engineering case at the end of this paper validates the method. For its fast solving the problem,more optimal results,and better forecasting effects,this method shows its advantages and feasibility.
Today, with new services and applications blooming on the internet, to enable traditional routers to offer enough capability and speed of upgrade along with these services and applications in time would become even harder than ever. Run-time reconfiguration (RTR), based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), is a new promising technology that can configure the partial or total hardware logic resources of a system at run time. Based on the technology, reconfigurable routers can support dynamic reconfiguration of new hardware logic for the new service, while keeping the other services still run properly, hence can provide a new possible solution to the update problem of the traditional routers. After introducing the basic concepts of RTR and the current development of the FPGA, this paper summarizes the past major research efforts with respect to the reconfigurable router, as well as the current work on it. Research directions and open problems are also discussed from the point of view of reconfigurable network.
Extinguishing concentration measurement experiments in the cup burner on two kinds of superfine ammonium phosphate extinguishing agents with different particle sizes had been done by means of filtering and weighing method combined with laser attenuation measurement. The fitting curves of particle concentration with laser attenuation rate and the extinguishing concentration of superfine particle agents had been got. The extinguishing mass concentration of two super fine agents were measured in cup burner. The results showed that when the median particle size of two kinds of extinguishing agents were 6.0 μm and 13.7μm, their laser absorption coefficients were 0.353 m2/g and 0.257 3 m2/g respectively and their mean extinguishing concentration were 32.9 g/m3 and 41.6 g/m3 respectively. Extinguishing ability of the former was 25 % to 30 % higher than that of the latter. The laser attenuation measurement relative errors were less when the former agent was used in experiment.
To investigate the molecular mechanism for phlegm-dampness constitution,examining the genome DNA of peripheral blood cells of six phlegm-dampness constitution and six normal constitution by using Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 500K Array.We had identified 442 genes with significant differences between the phlegm-dampness constitution and the normal constitution by using Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Genome U133 plus-2, base on research results of prophase, sieve the related gene and characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNP) of phlegm-dampnessconstitution.5 related genes and 6 SNPs with significant differences were identified between the phlegm-dampness constitution and the normal constitution. Further biologianalysis on the genes identified between two constitution groups demonstrate that they are involved in enzyme activity,sterol transporter activity,participate in the biology process of lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolic process,brown fat cell differentiation, gluconeogenesis and thermoregulation.These results indicate that the Molecular characteristic of phlegm-dampness constitution is related to metabolism disorder.
In networked control systems(NCSs),a fuzzy logic modulator,which is based on mapping relationship of one-dimensional input and one-dimensional output,is designed for the dynamic management of control systems' bandwidth. By adjusting a nonlinear offset factor in the fuzzy logic modulator,the control performance and requirement of bandwidth can be further improved.Moreover,the upper and lower bound of the assignable bandwidth,which guarantee the system's stability,are evaluated in terms of linear matrix inequalities and the restrained resource conditions.Finally, normalizable criterions of the quality of control (QoC) and requirement of bandwidth (RoB) are also defined,which can estimate the performance of the whole networked control systems. On those criterions, the proposed algorithm, namely fuzzy bandwidth management (FBM) , and traditional fixed bandwidth allocation (FBA) are compared. The results of simulation highlight that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve performance and save more bandwidth of control loop than the other one.
By using the fuzzy cluster analysis of grey system theory to analysis the test data of type-30204 tapered roller bearing, the parameters can be classed into three groups by their effects on the vibration. The parameters in the first group have big effect on the vibration ; this group is composed of the convexity of the roller, deviation of the roller diameter, etc. The parameters in the second group have less effect on the vibration,include:the roundness of the inner race, the linearity of the inner ring, etc. The parameters in the last group have the least effect on the vibration of the tapered roller bearing, including the waviness of the inner race, the angle deviation of the inner ring. It can be concluded in this paper that, most parameters of tapered roller bearing have big effect on the vibration.
The unstructured triangular mesh adapts to complex irregular boundary.Based on this,adopting finite volume method to disperse shallow water equation and combining with the finite difference method, this paper has developed a new discrete format that caused the interface flux to achieve second-order precision. To verify the model established, this paper has simulated and calculated the two-dimensional curve course and some two-dimensional flow of dam-break separately, and obtained preferable results comparing with other methods.
A fast face detection algorithm using enhanced AdaBoost based on Walsh features is proposed in this paper, and its training process is fast and works well under fewer non-face training samples.Firstly,the utility of Walsh features, instead of Harr-Like features can reduce the redundancy among features largely. Then, an enhanced double threshold AdaBoost algorithm is developed, where double threshold makes training process faster ; and in the process of training cascaded detector, the next classifier can be guided by the former classifier,which enhances the performance of the cascaded detector ;moreover,the adjustment to the threshold of each classifier can separate the training result of face and on-face as far as possible. Finally, the trained detector is tested on MIT + CMU test set, and experimental results show that its training speed, precision and detection time exceeds the corresponding method.
The ceramic materials have a series of excellent physical and mechanical properties.These properties make ceramic materials possess irreplaceable ascendancies in the area of anti-impact and anti-penetration when they act as armors and parts of the engines. And their superhard and superfragile characters will bring many new challenges to researchers, especially in the measurement of strain.The digital speckle correlation technique is introduced in this paper to study the distortion process of ceramic materials under the static loading. The methods of the sub-pixels search and bilinear interpolation are used in the digital image processing. As the digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) can't be directly used in measuring deformation, an improved multilevel DSCM is proposed. The mechanical properties of the A95 ceramic material is measured in the experiments. The results of the experiments are satisfied.
Based on the relation between the choice of diversion schemes and the investment cost,period,risk, its risk loss of diversion structure,the paper puts forward the utility function of decision makers.When calculating three decision indexes of risk,period and utility of risk loss, this paper presents a multi-objective decision-making method for diversion schemes considering the utility of risk loss by applying multi-objective decision-making theory. The case study shows that the result of decision making by the multi-objective decision model based on utility reflects the decision maker's favor to his risk preference and his fullest satisfaction.
Studying on related work about HLA extension, two typical problems of HLA distributed simulation interoperability and reusability are focused on, and a decoupled architecture of HLA extension is proposed based on web services. A prototype is implemented based on pRTI and AXIS SOAP engine. Encapsulation and deployment of RTI services, as well as a remapping of the RTI API calls to SOAP is demonstrated by exemplars. The extension can encapsulate intrinsic RTI library and extend traditional HLA distributed simulation application to WAN ; has strong compatibility ; can be used to accomplish loose coupled and cross-platform distributed simulation system.
A new model of k( k ≥ 3) order exponential polynomial uniform spline is given.Most of its properties similar to those of the B - spline model, and also it has an adjustable shape parameter. The spline curves which are constructed by the exponential polynomial uniform splines can adjust the curve's shape and degrees between the curve and its control polygon by changing the parameter value. The new model can be applied to the field of CAD/CAM.
In this paper based on the characteristics of millimeter wave radiation signal for wavelet transform, non-negative wavelet coefficient is used as the wavelet coefficient of the signal. For a given threshold value, the wavelet coefficient which is smaller than the threshold is set zero and the wavelet coefficient which is larger than the threshold is set the difference between the coefficient and a constant a.The method for valuing a is inferred by the variance function of signal, and the experiments show that it has good ability of removing the noise in MMW target radiation signal.
In order to enlarge the field of application, reduce the cost of software rejuvenation and improve software availability and reliability,the adaptive software rejuvenation with fine rejuvenation granularity of object-oriented software system would be put forward. Based on the characteristics of the component and coupling relation between the components of the system, this paper determines the finest rejuvenation granularity, analyzes the degree of the coupling relation,sets down a method to calculate the restart dependence and its degree of the components,so that determines the restart reachable set of each component and gets the restart gather of the components at every granularity,and finally sets down and models the adaptive nested software rejuvenation policy. So executing intelligent software rejuvenation at fine rejuvenation granularity in the object-oriented software system can be supported.
Using pheromone of ant coloney system as reference, a novel method of solving TSP problem is proposed. That is using particle swarm optimization ( PSO) . PSO is used because of its simple operation, easy implementation and faster speed. In order to improve the popularity of the particle swarm,make the particle swam not to homogeneous too fast and decrease the possibility of local constrain, the algorithm decides the number of degenerated particles based on a designated popularity function.Experiment results and comparison studies have demonstrated that our work is useful.
The limits of nano-satellite's volume and quality may cause a high density in the cabin. Micro-blind mesh can resolve this problem properly. The intelligent control strategy of micro-blind mesh' s drive is the key technology. A dynamic characteristics model of the spherical nano-satellite was established.Based on the model,a fuzzy PI shunt-wound controller was designed. The simulation was carried on, in conditions of increasing and decreasing the equipments' heat dissipation. Results show that this new controller is superior to the fuzzy controller and PID controller in that the former works well with good control effect and high dynamic performance.
Dip-pen nanolithography is a new kind of scanning probe lithography (SPL) technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) , and now has made a great progress. The process of dip pen lithography involves the adsorption of ink molecules on AFM tip,the formation of water meniscus,the transport of ink molecules,and diffusion of ink molecules on the substrate.More factors such as temperature,humidity,tip,scanning speed and so on will influence the process of dip pen lithography. The paper detailed analyzed the mechanism of this technique, integrated introduced the latest development, including electrochemical DPN, more-mode DPN,multiple DPN, multi-probe array DPN and so on. Finally, the paper described the characteristics and its application.
Referring to GB5618 — 1995 about heavy metal pollution,and using statistical analysis SPSS,the major pollutants of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution were identified by variable clustering analysis.Assessment and classification were done to the mine area farmland heavy metal pollution situation by synthetic principal components analysis (PCA) . The study result implied that variable clustering analysis is efficient to identify the principal components of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution.Sort and clustering were done to the synthetic principal components scores of soil sample, which is given by synthetic principal components analysis. In this paper, data structure of soil heavy metal contaminations, relationships and pollution level of different soil samples were discovered. The results of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution quality assessed and classified with synthetic component scores reflect the influence of both the major and compound heavy metal pollutants. Identification and assessment results of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution can provide reference and guide to propose control measures of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution and focus on the key treatment region.
MMW Chirp - SF radar is a kind of radar to get high range resolution, but the problem of rangevelocity coupling is serious. So it is necessary to carry out the motion compensation in order to increase the range resolution of moving target. This paper puts forward a velocity measurement method compounding the Pulse Doppler velocity measurement and the time-domain correlation method based on Chirp - SF signal. The simulations results show that this method can be used to measure velocity accurately with simple arithmetic and high speed.
To solve the problem of thermal barrier is one of the key technologies that restrict the development of hypersonic vehicles. Starting from the point that phase change materials could be used as additional heat sink, five thermal control system concepts using phase change materials are put forward based on characteristic of different vehicles. They are air cycle system, vapor cycle system, liquid loop system, open evaporation cooling system and direct phase change materials heat storage system. The key technologies for the concepts are selection of appropriate phase change materials and encapsulation design of the materials, which are discussed on the background of aeronautics and astronautics.