Some thoughts on a low carbon economy were proposed to solve the contradiction between economic development and the demands for raw materials and the resulting environment deterioration. From a consideration of China's energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission patterns, it is suggested that work on this should be started from five aspects: restructuring the manufacturing sector, restructuring energy supplies, using scientific and technological innovations, optimizing consumption processes, and support from government policies. This paper discussed possible means to implement measures from those five aspects and analyzed some potential technological innovations.
After many years' endeavor of research and application practice, the ocean color remote sensing in China has been growing into a new technique with valuable practicality from the initiate stage of trial research. With the aim of operational service, several kinds of ocean color remote sensing monitoring systems have been developed, and realized the long-term marine environmental monitoring dynamically utilizing the real-time or near real-time satellite data and airborne remote sensing data. In this paper, firstly, four major technical advances are describing, including 1) the radiative transfer principle of the ocean color remote sensing; 2) the atmospheric correction algorithms specialized on China Sea and Chinese ocean color satellites; 3) ocean optical research in China Sea and the study of semi-analysis algorithm of inherent optical properties; 4) local algorithms of oceanic parameters. Secondly, On the foundation of technical advances, ocean color remote sensing takes effect on marine environment monitoring, with four major kinds of application systems, namely, 1) the automatic multi-satellites data receiving, processing and application system; 2) coastal water quality monitoring and fast report system; 3) the shipboard satellite data receiving and processing system; 4) the preliminary system of airborne ocean color remote sensing application system. Finally, according to the application status and requirements, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite (HY-1B) orbiting on April 11, 2007 and the development of airborne ocean color remote sensing system for Chinese Surveillance Planes, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color information application with the unique function in the field of marine monitoring, resources management and national security, etc.
Gathers flows the separation formula irrigation is a new water-saving irrigation pattern, which is based on the characteristic and request that thinly plants the fruit-growing class industrial crop needs water and is proposed on the basis of innovation technical experiment and practice in recent years. This paper summarized the basic idea of gathers flows the separation formula irrigation pattern, elaborated the key technologies of gathers flows the irrigation system, and that is gathers flows the separation formula douche, analyzed the comprehensive technical effect of gathers flows the separation formula irrigation pattern, including saving water to increase production, conserving energy and consumption, raising irrigation water temperature and solving the problem of irrigation unlevelness in low head conditions and pointed out the main problems which should be focused in future.
Using earth satellite observation means, remote sensing information distilled technique and regional research production, we have roundly analyzed and made an integrated evaluation about the Lop Nur nuclear test field in western China for the first time. This product reveals the rarely-known nuke explosion effect and response events of geology conditions. It also offers us legible and practical first-hand materials about human extreme effects, important engineering environment and intimidating influence process. By excavating and appraising the materials gradually on the natural environment factors changing in the test field through macroscopic elimination and typical filtration, it can supply basic scientific data for security of national nuclear usage, appraising the nuclear environment synthetically and developing nuclear strategy expediently.
The core of the technology about engineering blasting energy conservation environmental protection is infusing certain volume water to certain position of the blastholes, and then the blastholes are jammed with the blasting mud which is made by special machine. The technology has prominent energy conservation and environmental protection effect compared with the normal engineering blasting. The effect of infusing water to the bottom of the blasthole in practical application was mainly introduced in the paper. The result was analyzed and proved its correct through the stimulant experiment strain tests.
Multi-relational data mining is one of rapidly developing subfields of data mining. Multi-relational frequent pattern discovery approaches directly look for frequent patterns that involve multiple relations from a relational database. While the state-of-the-art of multi-relational frequent pattern discovery approaches is based on the inductive logical programming techniques, we propose an approach to semantically condensed multi-relational frequent pattern discovery based on conjunctive query containment in terms of the theory and technique of relational database. With the novelty of the groundwork, the proposed approach deals with two kinds of semantically redundant problems. In theory and experiments, it shows that our approach improve the understandability, function, efficiency and scalability of the state-of-the-art of multi-relational frequent pattern discovery approaches.
In the industrial value chain dominated by Multi-national Corporation, traditional strategy on comparative advantage has seriously weakened the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry.In order to win the sustainable competitiveness, the study pointed out that the Chinese manufacturing industry should emphasize the competitive strategy on how to achieve the dominative & controlling status in industrial value chain.
Based on the corresponding relation of characteristic parameters between the perturbation wave of boundary layer and the surface erosion corrugation wave of fluid-pass section, the anti-erosion design idea is proposed, which can realize the synchronistic fluctuate of elastic coating channel border with the perturbation of boundary layer, and change the passive state that channel border bears particle's impacting into that the channel border collision contacts with particles on its own initiative. The condition of realized synchronous fluctuation of elastic coating channel border with the perturbation of boundary layer is analyzed. On the basis of analysis result, the method of determining the material parameters of elastic coating is proposed.
Deployment strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks is an important issue. Most research works are based on the horizontal Scheme. However, many factors including the height of node's antenna, one of the vertical factors, can also affect the indoor communication performance of sensor nodes, which is a main consideration to design an appropriate deployment scheme. In this paper, the variance of coverage caused by the different antenna's height is analyzed, using log-distance indoor radio propagation model at 2.4GHz ISM band. The relationship between effective communication range and effective sensing range is also discussed. Based on traditional plane deployment strategies, a novel method is proposed to avoid the sensing collapsars. It first calculates the effective communication ranges, and eliminates the useless antenna's height parameter which can not affect the full coverage of sensing area and communication area. Then, it projects the residual height parameter to the plane and uses classical Deploy Rules to place the sensor nodes. Experiments and simulations indicate that this deployment strategy is useful and effective.
Robust optimization is a method to process optimization problem under uncertainty. The current robust optimization methods have some deficiencies in application conditions and probability utilization. Based on the chance constraints programming, two kinds of robust constraints according to two different kinds of probability distribution of the stochastic parameters are proposed, and a novel robust optimization model is proposed. The feasible solutions of this model can be controlled to satisfy the robust index. This model can be used in the situations that both sides of the constraints contain stochastic parameters, and can be easily extended to non-liner models. The simulation results illustrate the validity of the model.
The data dimension reduction is the main method that can enhance the outliers mining efficiency based on higher-dimension data set. A novel outlier detection algorithm is proposed after analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the classical outlier mining algorithm in the paper.In this paper, we can transform nonlinear large-scale data into linear data in the feature space,and introduce a nonlinear data transformation to reduce data dimension. On the basis of each resulting vector,it determins whether the data is outlier data or not one by one. This paper shows that the algorithm is not only used to detect linear separable outlier data,but also used to detect nonlinear inseparable outlier data. This indicate that the algorithm has its obvious superiority.
This paper performed quantitative risk analysis of a liquified natural gas station which was plannedto built. According to the result of risk analysis, land utilization in the neighborhood of the proposed liquified natural gas station was determined. By making a judgment on the accidents which were likely to happen, jet fire, flash fire, vapor cloud explosion and boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion were included. But in this paper, only vapor cloud explosion and boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion were discussed because of their seriousness. Then individual risk was calculated. Refered to the acceptable criterion of individual risk in UK, three risk zones were defined. According to present situation of landutilization, a proposal about how and what to develop in a risk zone separately was given. The results showed that two settlements and a factory which located in the neighborhood of the proposed liquified natural gas station must be relocated.
The environmental turbulence evaluation index and flexibility evaluation index of joint venture (JV) were discussed, and corresponding evaluation method was proposed. The flexibility analysis can determine whether the various flexibility status of JV adapts to the competition environment and the internal and external factors. The results can assist to provide advice for the strategies and measures selection and adjust the JV's flexibility, and improve the competitiveness and management level of JV.
The logistics models and the current situation of logistics management in China are analyzed in this paper. Through setting up model, the enterprises' threshold to transfer to the third party logistics mode from self-run logistics mode under efficiency uncertainty is obtained with the real option approach. Further, the results shows: the choice of the logistics management model in enterprises are critically influenced by following aspects: the efficiency of self-run logistics, the quantity of the portfolio damages and the transaction costs, the raise speed and the uncertainty of the logistics efficiency.
By microwave irradiation, the intermediate compounds of imidazolium ionic liquids, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromize([BMIm]Br), 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromize([PMIm]Br), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromize ([C6MIm]Br) were synthesized from 1-methylimidazole and organic halide (1-bromopropane,1-bromobutane,1-bromohexane) separately under reflux heating at 80 ℃. Each of them reacted separately with HPF6 for 4 hours at room temperature to get hydrophobic imidazolium ionic liquids:1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([BMIm]PF6) and 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([PMIm]PF6),1-Hexane-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([C6MIm]PF6). By measuring the conductivities of these ionic liquids and them in the different solvents, i.e. acetone, carbinol and acetic ether, it was found that the conductivity was affected by the kinds of solvents, temperature, concentration and substituent in imidazole. The longer the chain of the substituent was, the bigger the bulk was and the smaller the conductivity of the ionic liquid was. The higher the temperature or the stronger the concentration was, the bigger the conductivity was.