China is endowed with inadequate resources of oil and natural gas, and depends its 50 % of energy demand upon import. Also the quantitative ratio of reservation vs. production has already declined below 50. Among the total energy consumption, coal accounts 70 % in China, and the amount of CO2 emission has been more than the US. Nowadays, energy transition is a worldwide trend, including China. Its major direction is developing clean energy, and taking renewable energy as a focus point. China has a potential of substituting 70 % of present energy consumption, including small hydropower, wind energy and biomass energy. These resources that are economically available are 63 million tce, 123 million tce and 1.047 billion tce separately. Biomass resource is the richest in China, and it can be served to increase farmers' income immediately, promote rural economy, thus it should be regarded as the foremost area of tapping renewable energy and energy transition.
The application of the technique of the excavation by long-hole type blasting in the Olympic Games flying-saucer stadium was introduced in the article. In the complicated surroundings,some techniques were adopted such as out-hole millisecond delay blasting, underload, the longer length of stemming to control the danger of blasting vibration and fly rock,at the same time,in view of the complex geological condition, presplitting blasting was adopted so that blasting parameters were optimized to make the side slope integrated.The paper summarized and provided some experiences of construction.
The core physics properties of 30 kW In-Hospital Neutron Irradiator-Mark 1(IHNI-1) reactor loaded low-enrichment fuel are simulated by using MCNP/4B Monte Carlo code. The arrangement scheme of core, 235U enrichment, control rods' value, excess reactivity and shutdown margin are also reasonably introduced. The results show that the physics scheme of IHNI-1 reactor which possesses some particular characteristics, such as high inherent safety, 10 years lifetime without any refueling and low-enrichment UO2 fuel, has been discovered in the paper and it will provide theoretic basis for reactor engineering design and neutron beam design for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in the future.
The lean forming technology for auto sheet metal has been proposed, which consists of a proper material selection method considering the forming characteristic, a hybrid optimization methodology for effective drawbead force design and an experiment platform with the control of variable blank holder force. Aiming at decreasing the forming sensitivity to variation in materials and process, a forming robust design methodology has been studied. The technical framework for auto sheet metal lean forming was constructed based on the idea of proper material selection, process optimization and robust control. Through more than 10 years of application in Baosteel and some automobile plants, 50 % market sharing has been targeted for Baosteel auto steel sheet, which effectively promotes the development of application technologies for home-made auto sheet metal.
There are some dominant factors which affect the technology development of diesel engines, including market requirement, emission regulation, fuel economy, customer satisfaction and cost. In the above aspects, modern diesel engines have advantages over gasoline engines, therefore advanced diesel technology is an important direction for passenger car engines. At present there is a visible gap in the diesel engine technology for passenger cars between China and foreign developed countries. In order to realize independent development of advanced diesel engines with low fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, and meet the need of the future passenger car market in China, it becomes urgent to break through the difficulties in the technology of modern diesel engines, such as high-efficient and clean combustion, electronic controlled fuel injection, engine management, engine and vehicle calibration,etc.
"The Study on the Product Development Capability of Chinese Automakers" including two aspects: Drawing references from current analysis methods abroad and considering China's situation, we established the evaluation system for China's vehicle product development first of all, and with this evaluation system we analyzed the key factors affect the product development capability of Chinese automakers; Realize the present situation of China's vehicle development capability, understand the situation that how much the companies have mastered the vehicle development technologies. During the study, we put forward 190 key technologies that we believe the automakers have to master in order to possess vehicle development capability, and we hope these technologies could play a part in orienting the companies to enhance their product development capability. In the period of one year study, we invested 102 automakers in China by distributing questionnaire.
This paper overviewed recent progress in the evolution of four different diagnostic concepts: coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence, vibrational Raman scattering, and hydroxyl tagging velocimetry. Techniques based on these measurement concepts can monitor a variety of parameters including temperature, species concentration, and velocity. The experimental results were given by these laser-based methods in premixed flame, solid propellant burning, and supersonic flowfields.
This work presented experimental approach of studying static pressure detector in an icing tunnel. The main topics are: the experimental items of the detector in the icing tunnel, the experimental conditions and the calibrating parameters measured in the experiment. According to the features of the icing tunnel, the experimental results of the detector and some suggestion for improvement were presented.
The paper introduced the properties of pulsed power source based on fast linear transformer driver (FLTD), and summarized the latest developments of FLTD-Z module and the conception design of pulsed power source based on FLTD such as Z-POP for verifying the availability of IFE, and the next generation direct-driven pulsed power source of the current of 60 MA, and the voltage of 6 MV or the current of 90 MA and the rise time of the current of 100 ns for ICF(inertial confinement fusion)and IFE(inertial fusion energy). The paper also analyzed the crucial core technology for further investigation.
Complex decision-making problem discussion in hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering (HWME) requires that the experts` qualitative opinions should be converged in the end. To investigate the problem of how to converge their opinions, an approach of expert group discussion is proposed on the base of the model of interactive genetic algorithms, in which expert group thought and the computer technology are integrated tightly and the mutual recognition of community opinion is reached. Practices show that the optimal solution of complicated decision-making problem is obtained easily, and the approach is effective and in accord with the practical discussion process.
Structures of several types of intense pinching diodes were introduced. The latest simulation and experiment results on rod pinch focusing diodes were introduced. Experimental researches were carried out on FLASH Ⅱ and 2 MV pulsed power drivers. The voltage of RPD is 1.8~2.1 MV, the current is 40~60 kA, the FWHM is 50~60 ns. The X-ray dose at 1 m from the diode in the forward direction was about 20~30 mGy. The spot diameter was about 1 mm, the maximum energy was 1.8 MeV. The preliminary research results for generation and application of high power ion beam (HPIB) on the FLASH Ⅱaccelerator were reported. The structure and principle of pinch reflex ion beam diode were introduced. The HPIB peak current of ~160 kA is obtained with a peak energy of ~500 keV. The experimental investigations of generating 6~7 MeV quasi-monoenergetic pulsed γ-rays with high power ion (proton) beams striking 19F target are presented. In addition, the research results for thermal-mechanical effects on the material irradiated with HPIB applied to simulation X-ray were also discussed.
Focus on error control during fabricating and suspended splicing of box girders with segmentation method. After the analysis of the error reasons, and the combination with practical engineering—Sutong B2, it discussed control method, computing method and sensitive analysis method of linear control of prefabricated pre-stressed continuous beam bridge assembly with short line method.
In this paper, the 2-D analytical models for the surface electrical field and temperature distributions of PB-PSOI devices in terms of Poisson's solution and thermal diffusion solution have been suggested. The analytical results of the presented models show a good agreement with the numerical simulation results obtained by Medici. The dependences of the surface electrical field and temperature on the thickness and the length of the buried oxide have also been discussed in detail. Finally, the methods to optimize the thickness and the length of the buried oxide have been proposed to achieve the high performance of PB-PSOI devices.
This paper puts forward a comprehensive choice and evaluation index system and a model based on principal componential analysis, and presents exact calculation and analysis with an example. The results prove the feasibility of the above-mentioned evaluation index system and the selection evaluation model,and the M&A targets are ranked through modeling. M&A activities of Chinese enterprises are in the development period, and the paper provides a viable comprehensive evaluation method for the buyer's enterprise to make decisions on selecting M&A target.