China's economy is in a rapid development period, demand for energy will continue to grow, energy and environmental constraints on sustainable development will be more and more serious, therefore, developing clean energy technologies and accelerating the localization of clean resources development is an inevitable choice. Renewable energy is a kind of technology with small environmental costs,clear developing prospects and less controversy. China has promulgated the Renewable Energy Law, passed legislation to establish a strong promotion of the development of renewable energy policy framework, and issued guidance of industrial development of Renewable Energy and Long-term Development Planning as well as a series of management policies. Strong development and use of renewable energy sources has been identified as the inevitable selection for China′s energy development.
With the rapid development of computer and network technologies, the computing paradigm has evolved from the original mainframe computing to desktop (PC) computing, and then to network computing, and even pervasive computing. However, the existing computing paradigms all follow the thinking model of single machine or joint-based single machine and thus are characterized as resource sharing. In the new era of network or pervasive computing, users are mainly concerned about services and service sharing, and accordingly the computing will also shift from being characterized as resource sharing to service sharing. This paper proposes a new computing paradigm, transparent computing, which aims for service sharing and presents the concept, architecture and key technologies of transparent computing. Moreover, it also gives the prospect of the impact and future development of transparent computing.
Some basic concepts and basic questions of management were studied. The two terminologies guanli (including management, administration, supervision, etc.) and guanli science (generalized management science) have obvious differences in Chinese and English. In Chinese they are broad senses while in English are narrow senses. The simplified translations lead to several different meanings and confusions in Chinese academia. To clarify the Chinese meanings of these terminologies, four definitions are put forward: 1.Guanli activity is the second kind of human activities serving for the first kind of activities (i.e. operating activities); 2.The public guanli-activities of a group are called guanli works; 3.Some staffs appointed by an organization are called guanliers who are specially doing the guanli works;4. Guanli Science is the sum total of man's knowledge of the rules of guanli activities and guanli works, while is a knowledge system with rich content. We hope to set up the Chinese school of modern guanli science.
The atlas of Wenchuan Earthquake disaster was published in the beginning of 2009. It provides a comprehensive presentation of mechanism governing the devastating quake, the major disaster casued, the emgency response, and the reconstruction plan. Advanced spatio-temporal represention techniques were used integratedly in the design and production of the atlas, such as remotely sensed images, three dimensional digital models, and specific symbols for earthquake disaster. The atlas is considered as a fundemantal material and scientific refrence for the study of natural catastrophes, disaster recovery, and public awareness of natural disaters. This paper gives a brief introduction of the design concept of the atlas and its relevant methodology, major contents,spatial-temporal representation techniques, as well as the organizational strategy.
Low permeability oil and gas resource of China is abundant and has a great potential of exploration and development. Great exploration discoveries in low permeability sandstone, marine carbonate and volcanic rock fields were acquired and top international matching development technology in low permeability was created. Scale effective development in low permeability oil and gas reservoir was achieved. Oil and gas production in low permeability reservoir increased continuously and the proportion in production components is increasing yearly. New proved reserves and remaining oil and gas reserves considered, low permeability oil and gas resource is the main objects of exploration and development in future. Low permeability resources are the mainstream of exploration and development in China oil and gas industry and have an immense strategic importance for nation energy security.
To understand the present status of the issue of H2S stress corrosion in petrochemical special equipment, an integrative comparison among the latest standards released from international authorities such as NACE, EFC and ISO is conducted in this paper. A compendious overview containing the environment definition, test method, influence factor, evaluation standard of stress corrosion and the material demand in H2S stress corrosion issue is accomplished. Meanwhile, a discussion of the causation, test method and elimination measure of welding residual stress has also been done.
A thin-walls projectile has been designed,and penetration depth of projectiles was evaluated by YOUNG Equation. Axial acceleration was evaluated by SAPLL. penetration process of projectile on penetrating concrete target was analysed by LS-DYNA. Mechanical Parameters of projectile material were studied by experiment. Penetration depth and structure intensity of projectile were examined by a series of experiments on penetrating concrete target on Ø130 mm gas-gun. A conclusion is obtained, projectile isn't destroyed during penetrating concrete target,and reinforced concrete that is 300 mm in thickness was penetrated through.
This paper proposes a new method of diagnosing 16.7 MeV high-energy pulsed gamma, named "scattering-absorbing method" . The ratio of the sensitivity of HEG to that of the LEG can reach 106 to 108 by this new method. The sensitivity of 16.7 MeV high-energy gamma ranges from 10-21 to 10-16 C·cm2. It's better than the traditional method which bases on the magnetic analyzer and Cherenkov detector on some aspects.
In high power excimer laser system, the shape of output laser beam from whole system is mainly determined by the front-end of laser beam, and is closely correlated to the requirement of target physics. The experimental development of the front-end laser beam shape control based on a short pulse excimer laser is described. A partial coherence scattering source satisfying requirement of system construction has been developed, and the top-hat laser shaping pulse by three pulses stacking has been obtained. Also, analysis on above methods combining experimental results is given
Highway multi-arch tunnel as a new structure form has been developed in resent decades with the rapid development of high level road, and this tunnel structure form has the merits of good adaptability and superiority in the condition of complex land form and difficult line designation. However, compared with individual tunnel and conjoined tunnel,multi-arch tunnel has the question of mother rock's frequent perturbation, construction difficulty, et al. In the geological condition of shallow buried, soft rock, and carst, et al. the mother rock of these kinds of tunnel must be paid attention in the whole construction stage. This paper, taking the Baiguoba Tunnel, Enshi to Lichuan section, Hurongxi express way, as the background and combining field engineering construction, analyzed the Baiguoba Tunnel with MIDAS-GTS, laid the emphasis on surrounding rock mechanics property, drew a conclusion of stress regularity, and put up the countermeasure to the weak part.
The auto industry in China is transferring from consumption to manufacture and has established development and innovation capability. The percentage of auto industry in GDP always ascends and it has been the leading actor in China. As core assembly in vehicle, the power train should keep balance between the pressure of environmental protection and energy conservation and international competition and diversified essential competition element. In the new competition phase, competition has changed from pursuing performance to comprehensive competition of environmental protection, energy conservation and cycle economy. In this paper, each challenge and core technology of power train are analyzed in depth and finally the road map and key concepts to meet the requirement of environmental protection and energy conservation are put forward. The FAW's product tactics are recommended.
As web service is taken up to develop distributed simulation system increasingly, the separation between functions and resources is obvious. This exposes many simulation resources to the wide area network, which are difficult for traditional and single access control models to deal with. A double access control based on attributes is proposed to achieve the access control of application function and simulation resources. The process flow of the access control is described in detail. Also, the model is realized and applied in the prototype of simulation based on acquisition system. The performance of resource access control realized on XACML is analyzed and tested, which proves the feasibility of the model.
ccording to the principle of single-beam measurement, using ultrasonic transducer ultrasound wave was launched to the seabed floor. Ultrasonic transducer sent ultrasonic signal as a reference signal,the echo signal was delayed several times. Through continuous adjustment of the quantity of delay time, the minimum mean square (LMS) error was gained between the reference signal and the echo signal. The delay time equals to promulgation time. The product of delay time and ultrasonic wave velocity is the distance between ultrasonic transducer and seabed floor. Computer simulation and test results indicated that using minimum mean square error method to measure seabed microtopography, the high precision can be obtained. It can be applied to the seabed microtopography survey.
The road network in the real world has been showed by the road network model based on node joint, which shows more and more limitations and greatly weakens the control of navigation system. It is the first time that a novel road network model,that is,the road network model based on virtual node joint,was presented in the paper to eliminate the limitations. The novel model adops virtual node to show multi-road converging area,and the virtual node is an area which is made up of converging roads first or last point,and has the same shape as road crossing. The novel model has better of image the traffic flow on the road network than the old model based on node joint,and satisfies the demand of the map matching theory better. Moreover,the novel model can be applied to traffic planning,traffic management planning,and traffic flow simulation.
Double-pipe protecting borehole wall balsting,a new control blasting technology, is put forward and defined, which aims at resolving the problems existing in conventional smooth blasting and directional fracture controlled blasting. The characteristics of the new blasting technology, matching sets and explosion mechanism are detailedly introduced in the paper.The results of experiment on single borehole model blasting and tunnel digging testing indicate that it has very good blasting effect. As a result of high speed photography, crannies are initiated and propagated and concrete medium are fractured in controlled direction. Invention and application of its technology provide an effective and convenient way to obtain good effect of slope excavation and trunnel driving. It shows a bright prospect of widespread applications.
LFO (Low Frequency Oscillation) is a main aspect that affects power system stability. In this paper, the inherent reason that causes LFO is discussed.With Hopf bifurcation theory, it is analyzed that the nonlinear singularity phenomenon happens close to the critical points in a single-infinite power system of four-rank model. The study indicates that because of the Hopf bifurcation, singularity phenomenon in the power system happens close to the critical points, which affects the steady bound.