It has been over a decade since China paid close attention to the concept of circular economy. During this period the country made promoting circular economy as one of the basic national development strategies. There are many ideas and theories which have been brought forward and explored by experts and researchers from multi disciplines. As a connecting link between the preceding and the following, this paper summarizes and comments one of those most important ideas and theories, which could be used as general guidelines for innovation to boost the circular economy.
In this paper, Xinjiang's coal field is selected as the investigation area. Through a series of field surveys in Xinjiang, we made the small-scale area analysis of coal field fire using the ground remote sensing technique, and presented the reasonable evaluation of thermal anomaly conditions of Xinjiang's coal field arising from coal self-ignition fires. The results show that the method of small-scale area analysis is available for examining the extinguished actuality of coal fires and detecting fire spots. Therefore, for the selected fire-extinguished coal field in Xinjiang, the fire extinguishing effect was effectively analyzed by the means, and the new hidden thermal dangers were sought and diagnosed. For the coal field where the fire has not been extinguished, the utilization of this means approximately identified the severity and range of the fire area, and provided the quantitative and ground reference for extinguish engineering.
,The design idea and main contents of the questionnaire, which is about the decision-making stage of large engineering project in China, were introduced in the paper. The descriptive statistics analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis and crosstab analysis were used in data analysis. Statistic data indicated that the restraint and incentive mechanisms to the decision maker need further improvement. The working depth of previous research basically satisfied decision-making requirement. But the decision-making work was unsatisfactory. The correlation analysis suggested that the attitude of the decision maker is the decisive factor of the quality of previous research. In view of most of the people interviewed, unfeasibility study is necessary for the large engineering project in China.
Biodiesel, an diesel alternative fuel. has attracted much attention because of its environmental benefits and renewability. Several transesterafication methods can be used to produce biodiesel, such as, homogeneous acid/base catalysis, lipase-catalyzed reaction, supercritical method and solid acid/base catalysis. However each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Homogeneous acid/base catalysis is very fast and with high efficiency, but down-stream product is difficult to purify and with significant pollution; Lipase-catalyzed reaction can take place in mild conditions and do not need excess methanol. It is not sensitive to water and free fatty acids, and the down-stream process is easy. But Lipase is too expensive which blocks its commercial use. Supercritical method is a new technology that is fast, and do not need catalyst. It has high conversion efficiency, but it requires high temperature and high pressure, and so high energy consumption, therefore is not cost effective. Solid acid/base catalyst, which can be recycled, has less causticity and without pollution. The down-stream product is easy to separate, which has less impaction on the environment. Supported solid base catalysis will be the main trend for biodiesel preparation by transesterification.
To solve the problem that quantitative transfer of viscous liquid between tanks in the sample pretreatment devices couldn't be realized precisely, TRIZ and TOC are integrated for problem analysis and solving. The composition of sample pretreatment device and their relationship are analyzed from the system point of view, and then the core issues of the device is determined under the basis of evolution mode of TRIZ and prerequisite tree of TOC. Based on the modules of the conflict, standard solution and effect in computer-aided innovation software-InventionTool3.0, the choice, evaluation and amendment of design solutions is carried out. Finally, the principle solution to realize quantitative transfer of viscous liquid in sample pretreatment devices is put forward.
Based on the investigation data of region geology and the remote sensing interpretation technique of earth satellite, the environment evolrement and the forming process of Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of Yangtze River and the basin of Twain-Hu (Jianghan-Dongting) Plain Baisn were comprehensively researched, it revealed the influence of the pull -apart activity in Huazhong (Middle China) Craton in new global construct movement to surface processes, there are clarified the relation synchronously evolvement from with the valley water system ,to surface processes the region environment and the basin of Twain-Hu(Jianghan -Dongting) Plain, the discuss into the earth dynamic mechanism for the mountain -basin -plain -river -lake -rivulet's coupling system and the environment evolvement.
Based on 3D geological modeling technique, rapid modeling technique of hydraulic structures, and computer supported collaborative design technique, the 3D geology-hydrotechnics cooperative design system of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is implemented by the object- oriented method. The system includes four modules: 3D geological modeling, hydraulic structure modeling, engineering-geological analysis and design, and database management. The modeling modules offer the analysis-design module different kinds of 3D models. Then, comprehensive analyses and cooperative works among different specialities can be realized, such as 3D slitting analysis, treatment analysis of fundamental surfaces, arrangement analysis of underground structures, slope cutting analysis. It can offer technical supports to 3D design of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.
In this paper, unsteady analysis was conducted on the space distribution and depositing process of the solid particulates produced by aerosol fire suppressants under fire conditions. How the particles diameters affects their movement was demonstrated.The features of the particle diameters affecting the movement status were presented. The stability and resort time for the solid particles in the flow filed was explored. And the expression of the criterion (critical) diameter for a particle depositing to the fire source surface was obtained. The results demonstrated that: the depositing process of the solid particulates and the depositing Renault number are related to the particle diameter, and the flow is almost in the relatively steady flow status with low Renault number. The depositing velocity is proportional to the square of the particle diameter. When the particle diameter is lower than 100 μm, the flow will reach the steady flow status in very short time, and while the particle diameter reaches 1 μm, the particles can suspend in the space for a long time, and can be entrained into the flame region showing the extinguishing effect.
According to the soil stress state and calculation method of slope stability coefficient, and combined with soil properties, this paper illuminated basic assumption, formula derivation process and project application in detail. As the calculation formula of slope stability coefficient's theory analysis is rigorous, and the derived formula is correct, the project application is reliable. This paper will provide reference for relative project application and further research.
Traditional stereo correspondence algorithms rely heavily on the Lambertian model of diffuse reflectance. While this diffuse assumption is generally valid for most part of an image, processing of regions that contain specular reflections can result in severe matching errors. In this paper, we address the problem of binocular stereo dense matching in the presence of specular reflections by introducing a novel correspondence measurement which is robust to the specular reflections. Accurate depth can be estimated for both diffuse and specular regions. Unlike the previous works which seek to eliminate or avoid specular reflections using image preprocessing or multibaseline stereo, our approach works in its presence. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach.
Drop impact is an phenomena that object movement state arises sharp change when it gets strong wallop in a short time and is a chief reason for minitype electromechanical products appearance breakage and function failure. How to improve products, shock resistance and essential crashworthiness has been studied by domestic and foreign scholars for many years. Research status of products, shock resistance and crashworthiness robust design are recommended. Research techniques are systemically analyzed. And existential questions are summarized.
802.11i standard is proposed by IEEE 802.11 Standard Group to improve the security of the WLAN. In 802.11i, 802.1x standard is used for the authentication and access controll. How to analyze the security of the new protocol to prove its validity is the most interesting problem we are concerned. In order to solve this problem, an expanded Bellare-Rogaway model is established to give a provable security formal analysis on this protocol. By utilizing the expanded Bellare-Rogaway model, a flaw has been found in 802.1X authentication protocols and the corresponding man-in-the-middle attack is given here.
This paper introduces the development of creativity support system, creativity and creativity thinking, studies many kinds of creativity support systems, and gives out the major elements and architecture of creativity support system. Based on the results of this paper, one creativity support system for power system fault analysis was built. And the procedure of creativity support was provided in this paper. This paper will provide reference for building the creativity support system.
The basic algorithm and its flow are introduced at first, then its application to scheduling operation of reservoir, economic operation of hydropower and parameter calibration in hydrology field is discussed, the suggestion for future study is pointed out that should strengthen the study of adaptive mechanism and convergence performance in PSO, compare and combine with other technology, broaden the region of application to hydrology which may supply a new method for solving much optimal problem in hydrology field.
The simulation mode of ejection seat with track separate rocket based on the HTY-8 seat was presented in this paper. Through simulation, the affection of track separate rocket to the ejection track at the different rocket impulses and various ejection conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the rocket was needed at the condition of zero or lower velocity. However, the function of track separate rocket was inconspicuous at the ejection condition with velocity. The paths of X direction were separated because the front and aft crew member ejection had certain time interval. The front seat movement track after the crewmember and seat separation was needed to analysis in order to research the function of track separate rocket at the condition with velocity. Under the condition of adverse attitude, the function of rocket was unobvious at roll condition; however, rocket could separate the ejection path at pitch condition.
This paper commenced on micro-level of construction projects, researched the contributing capacity of economic development, social equity and the protection of environment, and built the evaluating indicator system of comprehensive contributing capacity of construction project, then analyzed the purpose of constructing this evaluating indicator system, and the way of acquiring every index. After that, this paper built an entropy evaluating model to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive contributing capacity of the construction projects. Finally the model took Chengdu-Chongqing highway as a case study.
The occurrence of fire accidents is influenced by many complex factors, and it has the characteristics of random and fluctuation, so grey model and Markov model are combined together to establish a new Grey-Markov model in this paper .The paper adopts grey model and Markov model to show grey feature and random separately, at last the model is used to predict fire accidents in countryside. The result shows the forecast precision of Grey-Markov model is higher than the forecast precision of grey model, the model can satisfy the demand in forecast precision, and it can be used for fire accidents forecast.
To improve construction management in the urban rail-transit, the WBS concept is well exploited by crossing a horizontal breakdown of urban rail-transit construction activities with a vertical breakdown of its technology system, thus a WBS matrix is obtained, which is more complete and useful than the WBS tree. This article firstly stated the concepts of interface and WBS matrix, with urban rail-transit analysis of how to use WBS matrix to improve interface management. The composition, structure system and principle of WBS matrix were specifically analyzed by contrastive method. The handling efficiency of WBS concept was decided by the changing of the factors.
The international coordination is one of the crucial tasks which ensure the objectives of the World Expo Shanghai 2010. According to the objective system and the complexity of the coordination work of this large program, a dynamic evolution organizational structure to address the challenge of international coordination was put foward. This organizational structure is based on linear, linear-functional as well as matrix organizational structure which considered the operational efficiency, cost and human resource management of the project organization of the World Expo.