Mechanism of steel output growth was resolved by two steps: firstly a standard mode was given under some assuming conditions, and its main character is steel output varies with the same speed as GDP. Steel output, steel products in use, GDP and their annual increasing rate were analyzed under standard mode. Some kinds of possibilities deviate from standard mode and their influence on steel output were discussed. Basic calculating formula for the annual increasing rate of steel output was obtained. Effect of deviating from standard mode on steel output per unit GDP was analyzed. Sixteen kinds of phenomena, which caused the annual increasing rate of steel output excessively exceeding GDP were put forward that extensively related to the social phenomena. We should make differences among these phenomena in macro regulation and control. Steel output per unit GDP in China has a large space to decrease based on the data of steel output per unit GDP among China, Japan and USA. A new train of thought of macro regulation and control for steel and iron industry in China was provided.
Climate change has being brought disaster to all humankind,while low-carbon development has been necessary and urgent. This paper analyzed the development measures of low-carbon economy taken by developed and developing countries,and proved that China has made great efforts on energy conservation,emission reduction, and development of low-carbon economy.According to the article,it is a reasonable way to solve climate change problem that we should adhere to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and the responsibility of states assigned by cumulative emissions per capita. Because of some practical reasons in home and abroad, our country must take low-carbon development road,although there are many constraints of low-carbon economy development in China. This paper put forward a lot of suggestion on China's development of low-carbon economy, and emphasized proper "development philosophy" as the guide to meet the challenges of low-carbon development.
On the basis of passenger and freight transport emands analysis of the west rail, the main problems at present are raised, and the need for rail ransport channel is stressed. The west rail network development objectives and the rail channel onstruction principle are clarified, as well as the major construction project plannings of egional channels, internal channels, international channels and so on. And some policy measures o speeding up the construction of west rail channel are proposed.
Through investigation and onitoring to urban landscape waters―Shichaqianhai and Roma Lake, water quality and habitat raits of typical landscape waters in Beijing were analyzed. The differences of transparency in wo lakes were discussed. The results show that, transparency of Shichaqianhai arrives at 70 cm, nd that of Roma Lake is 27 cm, which is because of different phosphorous concentration in two andscape waters. Therefore, phosphorous concentration is a key factor to keep aquatic ecosystem ealth in urban landscape waters.
Through investigation and onitoring to urban landscape waters―Shichaqianhai and Roma Lake, water quality and habitat raits of typical landscape waters in Beijing were analyzed. The differences of transparency in wo lakes were discussed. The results show that, transparency of Shichaqianhai arrives at 70 cm, nd that of Roma Lake is 27 cm, which is because of different phosphorous concentration in two andscape waters. Therefore, phosphorous concentration is a key factor to keep aquatic ecosystem ealth in urban landscape waters.
In this paper, the definition and function, together with the different stages of restoration and management methods of lakeside zone were introduced. The research status and prospects were summarized.
he Baiyangdian Lake is the largest freshwater lake and an important aquatic ecological function region in north China.Under the natural and artificial influences, its ecosystems has being obviously degraded. This paper discussed the ecosystem degradation and its driving mechanism based on the evolution of the ecohydrological process in the Baiyangdian Lake basin. The climate aridity is the natural background of the ecosystem degradation, but upstream water interception,hydraulic engineering and the utilization of water resources are the inducing factors to accelerate the wetland degradation. Finally comprehensively considering the present state of ecosystem degradation and its driving mechanisms, measures and proposals are put forward to protect the Baiyangdian Lake from the perspective of ecohydrology.
45 surface sediment samples (at the top 0~5 cm layer) were collected from the Baiyangdian Lake. The contents of 22 PBB congeners, 8 PBDE congeners, and 28 PCB congeners in sediments were measured using Varian CP3800/300 GC-MS/MS technique. The measured level shows that PCBs have the highest entrations in the sediment samples among the three PHAH subfamilies, with Geometric Mean 20.57 ng·g-1·dw. B28, 52, 66, 138, 156 and 170 are the most predominant PCB congeners. The levels of PBBs and PBDEs are lower than those of PCBs in the sediment samples, with a concentration of 0.47 and 1.78 ng·g-1 ·dw, respectively. PBDE28 and 47 are the most predominant PBDE congeners, with their concentration accounting for 16 % and 21 % of the total PBDEs concentration observed in the sample, respectively. The PHAHs levels monitored in the present study were compared to those reported recently for districts located in other countries. The concentrations of PHAHs in the sediment samples were in the same order of magnitude of those reported on background levels in remote lakes sediment in these European and American countries, which shows toxic biological effects on aquatic biota and potential risk are negligible due to PHAHs contamination in sediments.
Based on the two-dimensional flow model and by applying the finite volume method and unstructured mesh, the waterlogging and drainage of the Datong Lake Region, heartland of the Dongting Lake Plain under various rainstorms were studied. The spatial distribution of waterlogging in the Datong Lake Region and the ratio of waterlogging were obtained. The negative influences of the increased intensity of the rainstorms on the waterlogging were analyzed quantitatively. The results of the research can provide technological support to the waterlogging forecasting and assessment.
Pilot-scale & demonstration project study of the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater was carried out using the combined process of anaerobic (hydrolysis)-aerobic-advanced treatment. The result of Pilot-scale study indicates:the total removal efficiency of the COD, color, NH3-N, TN, TP of the system were 93.2 %, 93.9 %, 90.2 %, 70.8 %, 96.3 % respectively, anaerobic (hydrolysis) is vital to COD & color degradation, the removal efficiency of the COD & color were 48.1 %, 75.7 %, respectively, The A/O(PACT)is vital to NH3-N & TN degradation, the coagulation treatment could effectively degrade the TP. The effluent of Pilot-scale & demonstration project could satisfy 《Discharge Standard of Main Water Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant & Key Industries of Taihu Area》(DB32/1072-2007).
In this paper, taking the Dianchi Lake as an example, the characteristics of the water environmental issues of the plateau lakes in Yunnan of China was put forword from the perspective of ecosystem health. Macroscopic solutions were proposed and the key issues which should be focused on in fututo evere disscused.
At present the international research emphasis of lake water environment has turned to study ecosystem management of lake basins. That is,we should be from a watershed scale point of view to control pollution, remedy ecology, manage ecological system and to carry out a sustainable harmonious development among society, economy and ecosystem health in lake watershed. This paper put forward the management concept framework of ecological diversion water based on the definition of ecological diversion water in the Dongchang Lake watershed. This paper also put forward an optimized model of the harmonious development between society and economy in the Dongchang lake watershed and an environmental management system of water quality, water quantity guarantee and habitat improvement. It includes ideas and concepts of watershed management, water environmental management and ecological system management.
In allusion to the many river nets, consanguineous relation between cities, characteristic of regional distributing of environmental pollution in Pearl River Delta basin,the mechanism of united prevention and treatment of environmental pollution in Pearl River Delta basin was brought forward. In order to hold back the situation of environmental pollution effectively in Pearl River Delta area, united treatment and united planning of the treatment of environmental pollution should be pushed zealously and environmental pollution surveillant management of river basin should be strengthened.
In this paper, yield and reduction of the Dianchi Lake basin point source pollution load of the past 20 years were calculated and the change trend and reasons to it were analyzed. The results indicated that point source wastewater, COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus discharge from the whole Dianchi Lake basin in 2007 were 26 368 t, 55 913 t, 11 222 t and 1 008 t respectively, and compared to that of 1988, the growth rate of those mentioned above were 73.69 %, 203.27 %, 246.99 % and 301.55 %, among which the growth rate of living pollution were 174.43 %, 296.58 %, 342.90 % and 462.86 % respectively, however the industry pollution has been controlled, the pollution load was decreased by 36.43 %, 6.36 %, 49.24 % and 69.87 %. With the cooperation of 8 sewage treatment plants and 2 pumping stations, from 1993 to 2007, the reduction of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus discharged from the Dianchi Lake basin increased from 1 542 t, 177 t and 13 t to 40 581 t, 5 193 t and 637 t, which was the main reason that the environment of the Dianchi Lake stopped worsening. It can be concluded that, living pollution is the main pollutant source, and the major factor to the growth of pollution load in the Dianchi Lake basin.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a focus and challenge in the field of water environmental research since it plays an important role in the restoration research of aquatic system. Ultraviolet-visible (UVVIS) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer are often used as an effective way for extracting DOM characteristics. In the present research, spectral characteristics of DOM were studied in water samples from different locations of the Hongfeng Lake, a man-made deep karstic lake and a key drinking-water source for Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, and various components of organic matter distributed at different samples were identified. The UV-VIS absorption ratio values (E3/E4) for the water samples collected from the Hongfeng Lake ranged from 1.70 to 8.77,and in general these values at 10 m depth were higher than those at 5 m depth except site HWHDC, while the fluorescence ratio values (f450/f500) ranged from 1.38 to 1.52. It could thus be inferred that the main organic pollution was from terrestrial origin at present. It is found, however, that spectral characteristics of the water samples from sites HWHDC, BHHX and ZG are different from those from the other sites. In addition, the results indicated that the depth of water had correlation with the humification degree of organic matter.
Watershed eco-compensation is an important way to promote fair and balances of resource utilization, protection and economic development among upper, middle and lower regions in the basin. In this paper, according to the construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Region, the eco-compensation mechanism of the Poyang Lake basin was put forward in order to provide guidance for coordinating the development of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Region and protection of basin ecological resources.
The resources of the Bohai Sea is analyzed in this paper. Human factors are regarded as the main reason of unsustainable development of Bohai sea resources. Two measures are proposed,the first effort is to control pollution and improve the ecological environment in the Bohai Sea; the second efforts is to develop resollras based on the sustainable development and ecology principle, such as members of indigenous species and ecological principles, building ocean farm principles, fishing moratorium and optimization of fishing with the fishing gear, the principle of universal participation,and the principle of ecological compensation. According to the mentioned above, some suggestions are given to the government for decision-making.
For several reasons, the north area of the Dianchi Lake is prolific of blue-green alga. In this paper, the dynamic biomass of alga was investigated. Both of the concentrations of N and P in original water and in filtered water were also be monitored. The aim of the study is to figure out the alga's influence on the concentrations of N and P in the water, and to analyze the relationship between them by using the method of ecological stoichiometry. It is disclosed that from April to November is the main stage of alga blooming. Especially, alga blooms seriously and is uncontrolled from May to September. By data analysis, we find that the concentrations of N and P vary conforming to the dynamic of the biomass of alga, and there is positive correlation-ship between them. The correlation coefficient between the concentrations of N in water and alga's biomass is 0.955, between the concentrations of P in water and alga's biomass is 0.952. By taken the method of stoichiometry analysis, we find both the N∶P ratios of alga and water are not constant, and both of them have no significant ecological stoichiometry of the N∶P ratio. We also made correlation-ship analysis between the N∶P ratio of water and biomass of alga. The correlation-ship between them is 0.308, which illustrats that the biomass of alga is not related to the N∶P ratio of water. Thus we can declare that there is only one most efficient way to control blue-green alga booming, to reduce the concentration of N and P in water of eutrophic lakes.
The Long River floater is an important threat to the operation security of the Three Gorges ydropower station. This passage is based on the investigation and analysis of the Three Gorges floaters'amount and character, which proposes an ecological power systematic route of the Three Gorges floaters, aking the floaters' power generation as its major route, the treatment of contamination and the eclaim of resources as its two side routes. It can provide more reliable, cleaner high quality power ervice for the clients through the usage of distributed power technology system. The result of this esearch shows that the complete usage of the Three Gorges floaters for the combined supply of cold nd thermoelectricity can realize the treatment of pollution in the Three Gorges reservoir area, eanwhile, the usage of the Three Gorges floaters as resources, the distributed power supply system an deal with 4.7×104~9.5×104 t of floaters annually, which can save the power as the same amount of .3×104~3.6×104 t of standard coal, and the capital investment recovery period for this project asts for 4.5~8 years, which has favorable technology and economic performance.
This paper sets up an intensive management model to control agricultural non-point sources of water pollution the most important contributor in the Taihu water body, according to the principles of micro-economics. We have used GIS as a platform to estimate the arable land and the amount of fertilizer application. By using SPSS correlation analysis on the survey date of local residents, we have conducted a detailed analysis on the economic and environmental benefits of the intensive management. We have estimated that the total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions decline from the agricultural non-point source is 21 percent and 16 percent than that in 2005. It is concluded that the intensive management can be effectively used to control agricultural non-point sources of pollution in the Taihu Lake Basin. In dealing with the agricultural non-point sources of pollution, we are proposing to fundamentally solve the problem of the agricultural non-point sources of pollution by connecting the social and the actual costs with structural reform in agriculture.
Based on the simple description of pollution control, ecology restoration and maintenance of healthy life of lakes in Wuxi City, the paper focused on the practice and thinking of lake ecological dredging and silt resource utilization.
Comparing the total pollution load into rivers in 2005 with the one in 2000, the analysis suggests that the percentage of point sources in total kept reducing year by year, and the non-point sources increased significantly, especially total phosphorus (TP) whose amount of pollution from non-point sources have already exceeded that from point sources. The total amount of pollution from non-point sources was almost equal, but its composition changed. The pollution from rural domestic sewage ranks first and the pollution from aquaculture and fields ranks second in the total amount of pollution from non-point sources. Based on the analysis of causes of non-point sources pollution, this essay gives some suggestion on the control of non-point sources pollution in plain river network of Taihu Basin.
The water quality and the social economic data from 1960 to 2008 were collected, correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between the population, GDP and the TN, TP, CODMn. The results shows that there is close positive correlation between the socio-economic development factors and the Dianchi Lake's water quality, the rapid population growth and economic development is one of major reasons which cause the Dianchi Lake pollution. Caohai part was placed more severe pressure by socio-economic development than Waihai part, and the extent of eutrophication of Caohai part seems to be increasing. But on account of the Dianchi Lake's comprehensive pollution prevention and treatment, Dianchi lake's water quality has been less impacted by socio-economic development and the trend of pollution in Waiha has been basically curbed since the "The 10th Five-Year Plan of Dianchi Lake basin pollution prevention and treatment" started in 2000.
The east Taihu Lake which have the functions of flood control, water supply, water environment protection and aquiculture is the representative grasslike lake in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, it is also the main water exit and adlittoral arm of lake of Taihu Lake and the main water resources of Shanghai City, Jiachenghu town of Zhejiang Province and Wujiang City of Jiangsu Province. For almost half a century the surface of east Taihu Lake constantly reduced by the long-term effect of the natural and artificial factors. The shape of lake and the water environment were seriously damaged which made the process of lake's decay become more faster and cramped the functions of discharge, water supply and water environment protection. This article reviewed the evolution of east Taihu Lake and initially discussed the actuality and effect on the lake's function of the shrinking of surface of east Taihu Lake. And also, several suggestions were carried out for reference on the present treatment plans of the lake.
he Zoumatang channel dredging and expansion project is one of the important drainage projects that have been arranged by Comprehensive Management Plan of Water Environment in Taihu Basin ratified by State Council. The project aims at solving the drain path problem in the west side of Wangyu River during the Wangyu River helping Taihu Lake with diversion of Yangtze River period. The water logging of the west side of Wangyu River will be drained by the Zoumatang channel to the north into Yangtze River instead of drained into Wangyu River. The author analyzed the influence of Zoumatang drainage system on the water environment of Yangtze River.
Eco city is the only way to achieve a co-ordination compound sub-systems including nature, society and economy in modern city. The Environmental Protection Model City, eco-city, ecological civilization City is China's eco-city construction work the low, medium and high three levels and stages. Ecological civilization, the advanced stage of construction of eco-city, is beginning to become the new trend of China's urban environmental protection and new goals. Therefore, to establish a mature possible quantitative indicator for the ecological system of urban civilization is of great significance. Recent studies and practice show that lack of a set of standard and integrate index is the main drawback of ecological-civilization-experimental-city construction, though discussions based on theory go further. In this study we wanted to explore the question of how to build a set of practical metrics for ecological-civilization-city construction. Taking cities in Taihu Lake Basin for example, a framework constitutes of five-system and three-layer with 41 indicators was proposed.