Until the middle of this century, Chinese oil&gas resources have great potential for sustainable development. Chinese petroleum industry has developed sixty years.Now it has been one of the greatest oil &gas producing country from a "oil-poor country" , and built 24 large-scale oil and gas production bases. A series of theories and techniques have been setted up independently. It is known that the Chinese geological condition is very complex,which gave birth to all kinds of new areas, new strata and new conceptions for hydrocarbon exploration.The undiscovered resources are still relatively abundant,although a large amount of oil and gas resources have been found.The oil exploration is just in the medium term, and natural gas exploration is still in its early stage. At the same time, we are confronted with many stern challenges which lies in the further development, such as the rapid development of China's economy will enlarge oi & gas demand gap, the exploration will become more and more difficult,the costs of exploration and development are rising continuously,etc. Therefore, we must always strengthen oil & gas exploration work. On one hand,the exploration of domestic new area must be insisted on to keep stable growth of exploration, reserve and production. A variety of ways should to be taken actively to share international energy resources, introduce and explore foreign oil and gas. On the other hand, we must also actively take measures to fully promote the conservation strategy for oil & gas and try our best to achieve oil & gas resources' sustainable development.
In the Tarim petroleum geology investigation from 1970 to 1978, the author proposed for the first time that there was developed source rock in the Paleozoic era. A great breakthrough of Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon field was achieved in Shacan No. 2 well in 1982. Through deep research of many Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon fields, the author proposed Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon accumulation theory in 1992, which includes superposition composite basin accumulation, multi-era and multi-layer series petroleum generation, multi-stage accumulation, multi-era and multi-type reservoir-seal assemblage, multi-accumulation model and that hydrocarbon is mainly distributed around paleo-uplift, paleo-slope, fault zone and unconformity.
Under the guidance of seeking for large and middle scale oil and gas fields in recent years, the oil and gas exploration in china offshore areas is grounding on regional study and scientific and reasonable deployment as complementation. Considering the unique and complex geological conditions of china offshore area, the innovations of geological understanding and exploration technology are all emphasized, to keep exploration with high efficiency. Great successes have been achieved on the basis of this paradigm, and the newly discovered reserves make historical breakthroughs continuously, suggesting the golden time of the present china offshore oil and gas exploration. However, with the enhancement of exploration extent and enlargement of exploration area, the oil and gas exploration in China offshore area will face more and more challenges.
The situation of development and utilization of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in world and in China was summarized, difficulties in unconventional hydrocarbon resources development were analyzed and policies and proposals to speed up the development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China were proposed.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China)[Abstract]Carboniferour-Permian, Jurassic-Cretaceous and Paleogene-Neogene volcanic reservoirs have acted as the exploration play in China. Volcanic reservoirs located near the source rocks are the most beneficial for hydrocarbon accumulation, so the hydrocarbon-generation centers control the hydrocarbon distribution, and the volcanic reservoirs located far from the source rocks need through faults and the discomformities surfaces. The lava, volcanic breccia and volcanics located in weathered crust are the dominant reservoirs. In the rift basins of eastern China, volcanic reservoirs are mainly composed of lithologic and structural-lithological type and are formed near the source rock centers; in the basins of central and western China, volcanic reservoirs formed near or far from the source rocks, and stratigraphic reservoirs are formed along the uncomformity surfaces.
For the present situation of petroleum geology, technical development, and the relative bottleneck problems of oil and gas exploration in foreland basins, it is proposed that the strategy of oil and gas exploration and development in foreland basins should be implemented according to different exploration levels in the foreland basins, central and western China.
South China Sea is located in the junction of Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate, and experienced a complex and poly-phase history. A great number of basins with favorable petroleum geological settings and huge resource potentials are distributed in the northern, western and central- southern South China Sea. Among them, the northern shelf region has become an important oil and gas production region and significant breakthrough has attained in the petroleum exploration of northern slope deepwater recently. Currently, petroleum resources in the Chinese conventional boundary line in the South China Sea have been looting by nearby countries, in order to maintain national sovereignty and territorial integrity; efforts must be made to accelerate the oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea.
The paper reviews the glorious course of the oil and gas field development in China and summarizes the geologic characteristics, main types of reservoirs and the corresponding technology series formed during decades of practice. Also, the paper reveals great challenges that the oil and gas field development faces in recent years,details the technical strategies meeting these challenges and points out the directions for the development of technologies for high-water-cut, low-permeability, heavy-oil, offshore oilfields and all kinds of complicated gas fields.
Aiming at the 3 types of exploration problem in Daqing Oilfield (oil of shallow and middle layers in the northern Songliao Basin, natural gas of deep layers in the northern of Songliao Basin, oil and gas of complex fault depression—Hailaer Basin and Yi-Shu graben etc., unconventional resources and oversea oil and gas), high-resolution 3D seismic exploration technology of lithologic reservoir, 3D seismic exploration technology of deep volcanic rock, 3D seismic exploration technology of complex fault depression, reservoir evaluation and reformation technology in less permeable reservoirs, volcanic rock and complex fault depression, well drilling technology of volcanic rock deep layers, have been formed through researches on seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation, logging and drilling. The series of technology provided technical supports for incremental reserves of lithologic reservoir in the northern Songliao Basin, discovery of large-scale natural gas reservoir of deep volcanic rock and the exploration breakthrough in complex fault depression.
Ordos Basin is a sedimentary basin with the fastest oil and nature gas production growth rate in China in recent 10 years and has become the second largest oil and gas production basin and the largest nature gas production region. The history of oil and nature gas exploration and development in Ordos Basin was reviewed. Important knowledge, main technology, development management model ,oil-nature gas production and economic and social benefits achieved in Ordos Basin development were summarized. Based on development planning ,oil-gas resources, unconventional hydrocarbon resources and other resources, development prospect of Ordos Basin was discussed and several suggestions on sustainable development of Ordos Basin were proposed.
Abstract]In 2007, the "Gas Pipeline from Sichuan to China Eastern Region" Project was officially taken into operation. This project is a great program of the national "11th Five-Year Plan" and has great significance for promoting the energy structure adjustment and for improving the ecological environment of the six provinces and two cities along the line. Three years later, the exploration and development progresses have shown that the Puguang Gas Field, the gas resource base of the "Gas Pipeline from Sichuan to China Eastern Region" Project, is a large scale gas field with high quality and yield. In addition, gas reserves of the Yuanba Field and the Tongnanba Field are growing. Great potential of exploration has also been shown in the Nanjiang and the Zhenba area. Consequently, resource basis with growing reserves of the project is reliant, which assures the broad prospect of the project.
The rapid growth of China petroleum industry has brought about the steady development of its geophysical equipment technology. For example, our seismic instrument has experienced its sixth upgrade. As a result, our geophysical equipment technology has met world advanced standards. After 20 years of painstaking efforts in R&D and by means of technology-introducing, digesting, absorbing, and innovating, some of our vibrator technologies have reached the world advanced level and still some have taken the world leading positions. Our seismic auxiliary equipment has much improved and earned its reputation in the global market after 30 years of independent R&D.
In recent years,companies and institutes in China conducted co-research projects and achieved many important improvements.These improvements include: development of X70 and X80 grade pipeline steel, welded pipe, and fitting, breakthrough of the application limit of helical submerge-arc welded pipe, establishment of the technical route for alternative application of helical and longitudinal submerge-arc welded pipe with high-strength and large-diameter in main pipeline, first investigation of dynamic fracture and crack arrest in China, which adopts the Battelle Two Curve method to predict the toughness requirement for the 1st and the 2nd West-east Gas Pipelines, investigation of strain-based design for oil & gas pipeline, which solves problems of the methodology and high strain pipe application in seismic and active faults areas, investigations to control the corrosion and strain aging of high strength pipe, and so on.
In this paper, based on data analysis,the development process of 60-year drilling workload, footage and drilling team was shown. The tremendous progresses of China's drilling technology, including directional well drilling, horizontal well drilling, underbalanced and gas drilling, deep well drilling, drilling equipment and well control technologies are described in detail. Drilling experience, scientific drilling, drilling optimization described the evolution developing process of China's drilling technology. According to the main demand of drilling technology in oil and gas exploration and development, it briefly discussed the key technologies trends.
With the continuing and in-depth exploration of hydrocarbon in China, we are confronted with great technical challenges. The R&D of high-end geophysical techniques to deal with complicated surface conditions, multi-type geological objects, oil field development and production, and enhancement of recovery efficiency have become our main development trends. Therefore, it is imperative for us to identify the key geophysical techniques of the highest priority. This is also a practical requirement for becoming an international geophysical company like BGP in the world intense competition.
According the different stages and views of China offshore oil & gas industry, based on the facility and equipment development, the article aims to reflect and depict the development progress of facility and equipment, and emphasize its support function and significance.