The richness and stable condition of migrants, the construction of ecological environment and the harmonious development of socio-economy in Three Gorges is an important problem in post Three Gorges. It's regretful that there are some contradictions exist in the man-land relations, employment and ecological problems in the reservoir area now, which leads to the necessity to protect the ecological environment following a low-carbon development. Firstly, we suggest develop low-carbon tourism industry which means to plan the tourism resources effectively, cultivate low-carbon tourism industry groups, create low-carbon transport corridors, and market special products in the reservoir area. Secondly, we suggest develop low-carbon farm aptly and set up a domestic carbon trading market. Finally, it's necessary to build a low carbon living system in the reservoir area, and make the Three Gorges area to an exemplary low-carbon area in China.
This article presents the analysis on the law of energy consumption and economic development, the features of renewable energies, the current technical availability and the effectiveness of CO2 emission reduction. The author believes that the total energy consumption is experiencing a stage of continuous growth in China, and the renewable energies will not play a major part in the energy mix in the coming forty years. The fossil energy will continue to play a major role in China. To use the fossil energy efficiently shall become a top priority in the course of CO2 emission reduction and low-carbon economy development. The article reviews the achievements and existing problems of the fossil energy use and development in China, and provides the countermeasures to efficiently use the fossil energy as follows: firstly, to have a reasonable GDP growth rate and establish the supervision index system of the total consumption of fossil energy; secondly, to establish the assessment and evaluation method on the energy efficiency of the fossil energy use on a life-cycle basis and the CO2 emission, to improve the fossil energy use efficiency through continuously optimizing the methods; thirdly, to explore and create a modern low-carbon life and consumption mode in line with Chinese context in view of the status quo of the fossil energy resources in China; fourthly, to encourage and coerce energy saving by fully leveraging the fiscal and tax policy and the administrative measures; fifthly, to enhance the research & development, and the roll-out application of the technology, material and products with which the fossil energy can be used efficiently; sixthly, to enhance the capital input in order to realize the optimized and efficient use of the fossil energy.
In first, this paper is described the basic viewpoint of scientific development, them the general situation of geohazards is introduced, while the usual. The geohazards been happened frequently and suddenly are illustrated. At last, the monitoring and establishment of warning system of geohazards are discussed.
Hydropower is a key resource in China. In the 60 years'development since the founding of the PRC, especially the past 30 years of reform, China has been in the crucial development of hydropower resources in its western regions. The calls for a number of issues to be properly solved, such as construction management systems in project development, relocation of local populace, hydropower complex construction, environmental protection and project construction procedures are rising at the same time. Taking the hydropower development practices in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River as an example, this paper probes the issue of project management in the development of hydropower resources in western China.
Some of ground-breaking achievements of Chinese rock engineering are described in the paper. In the field of hydropower construction, the stability and monitoring technology of ship lock slope of the Three Gorges, stability and supporting technologies for high slope in deep river valley and hydropower projects and stability technology of underground large-span high side-wall caverns group were introduced. In highway and railway construction, the construction technology for passing through perennial frozen areas of Qinghai-Tibet railway, supporting technology for squeezed large deformation in Wushaoling Tunnel, construction technology of high-cold high-altitude Fenghuo Mountain tunnel and Erlang Mountain tunnel are presented, as well as geological prediction techniques for karst area tunnels. As for mining technology, a new set of coal mine roadway supporting technology system, mining technology for mixture of gas and low permeability coal seams without pillar, and safe and efficient mining technology for deep open pit were introduced. In addition, the new technology of rock anchorage and fine blasting technology were also described.
Carbon Capture Storage (CCS), energy conservation and emission reduction in production and life, and the development of renewable energy are the three core issues in developing low-carbon economy. Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS) and Carbon Capture Reuse and Storage (CCRS), as the two concepts emerged recently, may be viewed as more active policy responding to CO2 emission reduction. In the long run, as a valuable resource and energy carrier the element should be recycled, which give rise to a new concept of Comprehensive Management of Carbon (CMC) as we suggested in the paper.
The slip line field theory and the upper bound method based on the associated flow rule for the traditional plastic theory don't accord with the experiment for geotechnical material ,so the non-associated flow rule must be applied to geotechnical material which indicates the stress characteristic line don't coincide with the velocity line. In this paper some problems existing in the slip line field theory and the upper bound method based on the associated flow rule were analyzed. The slip line field theory and the upper bound method based on the non-associated flow rule were deduced according to the generalized plastic theory , which eliminated some inconsistencies in the slip line field theory and the upper bound method based on the associated flow rule for the traditional plastic theory.
According to the principles of circular economy, the concurrent development mode of flatfish aquaculture industry of China was preliminarily analyzed, the circular economy modes existing in this industry was summarized, the main obstacles to develop circular economy in this industry was explored, and the three fields of misunderstanding were illuminated on the basis of the data got from the survey on 132 flatfish aquaculture firms in the 26 counties in the main production area. Five strategies to realize the transformation from linear economy to circular economy of this industry were also suggested in this paper.
Taizhou Yangtze Highway Bridge adopts three-tower suspension bridge scheme which has two 1 080 m main span in its primary design. This paper studies the different displacement traits between three-tower suspension bridge and two-tower suspension bridge. It also analyzes the influence of various parameters, such as the rigidity and height of the tower, the height of the main girder, the sag-to-span ratio and side span's length to middle span's ratio, on displacement feature of three-tower suspension bridge.
The dynamic behaviors have critical influences on the design of structure dynamics, health monitoring and maintenances. The three- pylon two-span suspension bridge does have different static and dynamic behaviors comparing with traditional one-span suspension bridge. This paper analyzes the dynamic behavior of Taizhou Bridge under construction stage and operation stage based on ANSYS. Some meaningful results have been obtained and can provide references for engineers in the further.
The projection of sun direct radiation and the solar radiation intensity gained on wall vary with time; the variation can't be calculated directly in present algorithmic framework of dynamic thermal process in buildings. According to the feature of building thermal process model and the theory of computer graphics, a new geometrical model for analysis of building thermal process is advanced in the thesis. Building in the model is simplified into an aggregation of space regions, which are composed of vector planes. Core arithmetic method for the geometric model is presented, which is vector calculation for straight-lines and planes in three-dimensional space. The geometric model can help to realize the direct calculations of solar direct radiant heat exchanges between walls, and the projection of solar direct radiation; it also has practical value on air flow, mutually shading between buildings, light pollution problems and so on.
Based on Dazhiping Tunnel that is one of the eight complex karst tunnels with high construction risk on Yichang-Wanzhou railway, by unceasing study and practice on construction schedule and risk prevention measures, a series of successful treatment measures aiming at preventing risk, ensuring safe construction, preventing water disaster and ensuring structure safety were summrized.
Bieyancao Tunnel is a key project and listed as level I risky tunnel on Yichang-Wanzhou Railway. This tunnel's geological condition is very complex especially the developed karst cave and underground river. It is considered that serious geological disasters called "LiuMao" phenomena are most likely to occur in construction process. The article introduced that with the help of comprehensive ahead geological forecasting ,this tunnel assured the safety and avoided the geological hazard accidents. It also summarizes the comprehensive geological prediction technology of risky tunnel based on the practice.
The establishment of tunnel waterproof and drainage principle is the base of determining water treating method, technology and lining design. The Yichang-Wanzhou railway tunnel is with complex geological conditions and various karst cavities, treating of the solution cavities with high water pressure is the emphasis and difficulty. Based on the water rich classification of filling cavities, the waterproof and drainage principle is put up. A universe schedule and a series of protective schedules are put forward in order to control water drainage. For filling cavities that must be dealt with blockage principle, full face curtain grouting and periphery grouting are studied, and a new grouting method "blocking water out of tunnel profile and consolidation in the profile" is put forward,which helps to accelerate the construction. The structure waterproof and drainage principle is blockage and drainage associating based on actual condition, more waterproof measures are advocated in the principle. The successful experience is helpful for other karst tunnel construction.