This paper makes an analysis of the rising trend of China's petroleum consumption, the oil supply potential of China and the entire world, as well as great pressure China is facing in emission reduction, putting forward an idea that development of bio-fuel is one of the important strategic measures in reducing the excessive reliance of economic development and social progress on petroleum and reducing CO2 emission. It then makes a brief discussion on the idea that developing bio-fuel and bio-based material is the best way to utilize the biomass, which is followed by a comprehensive narration of the status quo of bio-fuel development in China and the entire world and a presentation of countermeasures for developing bio-fuel industry in China.
The world recent activities in the fields of micro-algae biodiesel, cellulosic ethanol and biogasoline were reviewed; the challenges and measures taken were discussed. It was proposed that the first industrial demonstration unit for these micro-algae biodiesel, cellulosic ethanol and biogasoline should be built in China before 2015, based on raw material supply, R & D progress and international cooperation to lay the foundation for future development.
The data of organic wastes (including residues of crops and forests, animal excretion, agricultural and forestry processing, industrial wastes and municipal organic wastes) and marginal land (including suitable forestland, reclaimable wasteland, existed woodland and arable land) that suited to produce plants were systematically collected, sorted out and analyzed. The corresponding resource volume and available volume for economical harvesting were also put forward. According to the situation and potentiality of biomass products in 2007, it was concluded that the total productivity of China's biomass feedstock in a year equals to 932 million tce, with organic wastes and marginal land accounting for 41.1 % and 58.9 %, respectively. It was projected that to 2030, the annual potentials of biomass feedstock will be increased to 1 171 million tce, and the share of organic wastes and marginal land will be 48.3 % and 51.7 %,respectively.
Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation on resource gross, utilization and distributing of China's agricultural biomass in this paper, it is showed that China has abundant agricultural biomass resources which mainly include crop straw and manure, and it will be the future developing emphases with a great developing potential. If using reserve land resources, applying alternative planting and improving unit area yield, the developing potential of fuel ethanol is 20 million ton. All of these could provide reference for establishing biomass policies and plans.
This paper discussed the necessity of upgrading biogas technology and relevant technical framework. Diversified feedstock of biogas in China was evaluated, and a few cases were analyzed. It is concluded that biomethane has potentials of annual production of above 100 billion cubic meters, and it will become very important origin for partly substituting natural gas that its resource is badly inadequate in China.
The key technologies of biogas project of large-scale chicken farm with combined heat, power and fertilizer were emphatically summarized. Taking Hangzhou Energy & Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. as an example, the technical mode of combined heat, power and fertilizer, hydrolytic technology for sand removing and biological desulphurization were introduced, with the purpose of providing reference for the design and construction of scaled biogas project of chicken farm.
Combining the large and medium scale biogas project at home and abroad, taking the Beijing Deqingyuan Biogas Project as an example, the process that can turn the rural waste into treasure was introduced, and rural energy solutions were project. Combining with existing problems of biogas project, several recommendations to make the large and medium biogas project to be standardization were also put foward.
Gasification is the key technology of translating biomass into clean gas which can be used as nature gas to provide gas, heat and electricity for users. After more than twenty years development of biomass gasification technology, the distributed biomass gas supply system has been built for civilian use, and the technology has the basis for large-scale gas producing and electricity generation. In the Twelfth-Five Year Plan, technologies that can obviously improve the gas quality become an important research direction, such as oxygen-enriched gasification, steam gasification and making Bio-SNG by methanation reaction. It is the necessity for equipment manufacturing and designing to be large-scale, seriation and standardization.
As modern transport has provided facilities to people's lives, it has triggered significant air pollution and oil depletion in the meanwhile. For the purpose of a sustainable social-economic development, biofuel is the most viable alternative to oil, as well as the best option. This paper summarizes research and practice development process of biofuel, with a focus on the application as motor fuel and aviation fuel. Also, proposed strategies and their significance about biofuel development in China are also presented in this study.
The paper focuses on the background and status of industrial development of agricultural and forestry biomass direct-fired power generation in China. It illustrates the achievements and shortcomings of this iadustry through typical cases, and analyzes the future development brieftly.
A "three-carbon economy" is introduced in this article which includes three parts: planting sandy shrub to prevent and control desertification, generating electricity with shrub branches, and feeding spirulina with the smoke. The three parts are also correspondingly the process of CO2 absorption, carbon emission reduction, and carbon capture, forming a carbon industrial chain. This chain makes the farmers initiatively plant shrubs in sand, and desert control turns to easy thing by benefiting the bio-power factory, the farmers, and also the environments. This industrial chain will contribute to our national desert control strategy.
Development of forestry biomass briquette industry is of great significance for the forestry ecological construction in China, for the optimization of energy structure and for the ensuring of energy security. The developing experience of forest biomass briquettes industry in developed countries was analyzed, and it was pointed out that, the development of this industry in China depends on a complete industrial chain. China owns 0.3 billion tons of forestry biomass that could be used in this industry, with a full comparative advantage. Meanwhile, the analysis of situation and problems in heating market showed that the forestry biomass briquette market should be locked on the distributed heating. Also some suggestions for promoting the industry were given.
Biomass briquetting technology is an effective way of biomass energy scale utilization. The paper summarized the technical characteristic of biomass briquetting, and then introduced the present research and application of biomass briquetting at home and abroad. At the same time, the paper generalized Shandong University's achievements about theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of biomass briquetting process, and put forward subject matter that briquetting technology exists and development prospect.
Biomass densified biofuel is one of the main developing directions of biomass utilization for its easily transportation and storage, and high combustion efficiency. Foreign technology and equipment has matured to form the mellow technology and industrial model in the whole industry chain system. Because China has formed a favorable regulatory environment, key industrial technology of biomass densified biofuel is becoming mature. But there are still some problems which need to strengthen the technology research and development.
Comprehensive analysis and commentary were conducted on biochar research history, present situation, the existing questions and the industrialization prospect in this article which especially expounds the application value and vital role of biochar in energy, environment, agriculture and other areas. We considered that biochar is of important application value and practical significance in combating climate and environment change, carbon sequestration and mitigation, ensuring energy and food security. Then, directions of biochar research, constructive advices, technology approach of industrialization development and application were proposed on the basis of agricultural and forestry residue resource utilization, to provide references to promote biochar engineering technology innovation and industrialization development.
Starch/poly (lactic acid) composite is such a potential biodegradable composite with great expectation for its excellent mechanical properties and competitive price to petroleum–based plastic. This paper focuses on status of biodegradable plastics and the research progress on starch/poly (lactic acid) and their composites, and gives a figure of the trend of technology development and industrialization on these bio-based composites.
This paper reviewed the research priorities, advances of tapping the second and the third generation biofuel as well as the backgrounds of fast growing of two bioenergy industries, that is pellet biomass fuel and biomethane. An overall picture of exploration efforts on bioenergy by international community was given.
Based on existing biomass resources industrial application research in biomass power generation projects, the theoretical and practical experience were summarized. And the technology choice, model construction and system perfection were analyzed in order to achieve the goal of constructing and perfecting China agricultural and forestry biomass industrial collection application model.
Based on the evaluate of the resource availability and combustion characteristic of cassava stems in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, this paper focused on the feasibility of pelletizing and commercial value of cassava stems as a biomass feedstock. Cassava stems were proved a promising biofuel, and can be produced as pellets/briquettes, then production of electricity, heat and pellets/briquettes.