Now the exploitation of waterpower is limited by its water and hydropower resources. The power net will be short in peak and surplus in valley. Supplementing pump storage plant into the ordinary hydropower, the surplus valley power can be changed into the precious peak power. By this kind of expectation the surplus power may be renewable and is favorable to the sustainable development. As the storage measures included, the hydropower is favorable to the sustainable development of the various energies, including nuclear & wind etc renewable energy. Hydropower is an important supplement to the environment. We have to pay great attention to the risk analysis, risk design and risk management. The difficult problems are discussed.
In this study, an immunochromatographic strip was developed for the serological detection of antibodies against bovine serum albumin (BSA) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), in which the BSA was taken as antigen. In the strip, the rabbit anti-turbot immunoglobulin M, made from this research, labeled with colloidal gold was used as the detector, and the BSA and staphylococcal protein A were blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane for the test and control lines, respectively. The positive serum samples from turbot vaccinated with BSA and negative serum samples from normal turbot were collected to evaluate the characteristics of the strip, and the results were compared with the method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) established in this study. The strip was shown to be of high specificity and sensitivity, and similar to ELISA. Furthermore, this dipstick assay based on the strip is rapid (5 min) and easy to perform with no requirement of professional skills, reagents or equipments. This suggests that the immunochromatographic strip is an acceptable alternative for use in clinical laboratories lacking specialized equipment and for field diagnosis. Based on the model of this strip developed in the study, this pattern of strip could be performed into any antibody detection in aquaculture animals; it provides a rapid and simple test method to validate the efficacy of the vaccine and to detect and monitor the fish disease in time.
Modern engineering management activities have become all the more complex, being far beyond the economic and technological areas, due to their growing grand scales, increasingly complex structures and integrated systems. Therefore, we need focus our attention on engineering management activities by resorting to dialectical thinking and take full account of them based on the height of the times. This paper described and analyzed engineering management activities from the following 5 aspects: the cyclic promotion between engineering management theory and engineering management practice, the in-depth integration of engineering management concepts with engineering management methods, the coordinated harmonization of engineering management system with engineering management details, the mutual promotion between engineering management standardization and engineering management innovation, the common enhancement between engineering management team and engineering management system.
In light of our military missions and the potential electromagnetic threats for the new era, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the electromagnetic environment for information operation, focuses on analyzing the complex electromagnetic environment adaptive needs of the correlative equipment and systems closely related to the electromagnetic environment in the new-generation military command information system, and finally presents some specific recommendations for our armed forces, with academic research.
Aiming at the geographical characteristics of China's coalbed methane (CBM) fields and the problems of CBM surface low-pressure gathering, this work proposes a new CBM surface gathering approch suitable for the current situation of China, which combines both the centralized mode and the distributed mode. We made a joint research and achieved a great technological breakthrough on key technical and scientific issues within the CBM low-pressure gathering system, especially particularly focusing on low-pressure gas gathering technology, skid-mounted liquefaction equipment development, producedwater treatment, environmental protection technologies, and automated data collection and network based on management for CBM production and gathering system. It has formed a complete CBM surface gathering and monitoring process technology adapting to the features of China's CBM industry, and developed a series of low-cost, safe, economic and practical production equipment and commissioning systems, and all innovation results have been applied in the China’s national CBM development testbed project.
By conducting geological and engineering evaluation on deep coalbed methane injection in North Section, Shizhuang, South Qingshui Basin, methane extraction technology by deep coalbed injection of CO2 is thought applicable for north block, Shizhuang. By miniature and pilot test for SX-001 well, change rules of gas production, water production, gas composition and well bottom pressure of the SX-001 well before and after injection are summarized. The gas production after injection is 2.45 times of that before injection as shown by on-site test. Under pressure lower than rupturing pressure for coal seam, 20 of CO2 can be injected smoothly daily with slow elevation of pressure. After injection of CO2, the coal rock swells and the local coal seam get less penetration ratio, which recovers after extraction for a period of time. The total replacement ratio of hydrocarbon gas reaches 14.18 cm3/g within the scope influenced by CO2 injection in the target coal seam. The test result proves that extraction of coalbed methane by CO2 injection can realize burial of CO2 and elevation of recovery ratio for the coalbed methane well.
With the increase of the depth of shaft construction, shaft wall safety and the construction are becoming difficult. To ensure the safety and shaft wall construction safety and other factors, the real-time control and monitoring of the construction process is necessary. Feedback monitoring is an important method to ensure the construction safety. Base on the background of Benxi Dataigou Iron Mine's ultra-deep shaft with diameter of 6.5 m, depth of 1 640 m, the paper proposed methods to monitor the shaft wall safety and the condition of construction. It introduced the information construction for video monitor system, hanging plate important point monitor system and promoting bucket monitor system. The monitor system implementation plan may provide detailed information for ultradeep shaft efficient construction.
On the basis of study for three-dimensional flow numerical model , The author analyzed influencing factor of variation in water level at Donglutian coal industrial ground by the parameter sensitivity analysis method. The results showed that there are several factors influence the change of ground-water level by filling, there were infiltrate performance of highly weathered sandstone, filling areas of precipitation infiltration recharge ability and blind drainage ability. In response to these main factors, author studied the permeability coefficient of all kinds of soil and rock layers, provided strong basis for improvement of surface drainage system and control quality of blind ditch. All of these approaches were to control the rise of ground water lever.
Based on the analysis of the strengths and weeknesses of the traditional self-supporting management mode, international PMC and IPMT pattern, the speciality of the modern new coal chemical engineering construction and the fact of China Coal Group's coal chemical engineering construction, the effective management mode for China Coal Group's coal chemical engineering contruction is dicussed and a proposal for project management is suggested.
This paper describes a new product, the flame-proof variable-frequency induction motor used in coal mine. The motor is integrated with frequency converter to meet the requirement of high efficiency and energy conservation. According to the traditional electromagnetism calculation program, we add a new method for the variable-frequency motor, combine this method with ANSOFT 2D finite element to analyze and examine it, give a particular description of the frequency conversion motor principle and control tactic, provide a sample motor and introduce its design and manufacture technology.
The energy loss at various areas of the aluminium pots, the distribution of the magnetic flux density and the velocity of flow within the pots were systematically giveen by the comprehensive testing of the physical fields of the pots. The paper made quantitative analysis and scientific evaluation on the rationality of the technical conditions and the running performance of the pots, which provided scientific foundation for having technical innovation and improving the main technical and economic indexes of the aluminium electrolysis. The general benefits and the technical and economic indexes of the pots were effectively improved by the optimization of the technical conditions and the realization of the best operation.
For searching the stress and deformation law of blended shaft-lining during construction and initial operation, sensors were buried in interior and exterior wall of shaft-lining, and automated monitoring system was created. The stress and deformation law was obtained by analyzing the test results. With the law, we can forecast the long-term safety of shaft lining and provide scientific decision evidence for preventive and treating measures of broken wall.
Taking the construction of the main shaft hoisting in Longgu 1# Coal Mine for example, the organizational characteristics of the well shaft tower and equipments, elevator and other parallel operation of installation construction were introduced, and the technologies of tower shaft slipform construction, six-disc hanging plate installation and permanent elevator installation were described. The paper can provide reference for the similar type of the construction.
The construction of break-in and break-out of shield in the complicated condition of aquiferous geology, by the method of horizontal freezing, is to extend or deepen the frozen thickness outside the horizontal freezing ring which encircle the shield at all directions and prevent from water leaking and sand pouring effectively. The problem of long-distance drilling in the finished end well is solved easily by a longdistance horizontal drilling and anti-extrusion connector. It has proved that the technology of freezing reinforcement and risk control at all direction, in the construction of break-in and break-out of shield in the complicated condition of aquiferous geology is reliable, easy and will have great value to be spread in the risk control of construction of break-in and break-out.
The fly ash, discharged up to 300 million t each year, is one of the largest industrial waste residues in China. The accumulation of large quantities of fly ash will cause serious problems in nature and ecological environment. So it's significant to comprehensively utilize fly ash. A new technology is proposed in this paper. The fly ash is leached with alkali solution at the atmospheric pressure to produce white carbon black, and then alumina is recovered by sodalime sinter process. The technology can realize the utilization of fly ash economically and comprehensively. Research results indicate that the extraction of silica in fly ash is up to 72.5 % and the total extraction of alumina is less than 1.2 % when the fly ash is leached with alkali solution at the atmospheric pressure(＜125 ℃）for 45 min. White carbon black with silica content of more than 99 % can be achieved from the sodium silicate solution by the carbonation process. During the production process of the white carbon black, the conversion rate of silica in the solution reaches 98 %. The residue after leaching silica, with alumina and silica content of up to 55 % and less than 20 % respectively and mass ratio of alumina to silica of about 2.7, is suitable for recovering alumina by sodalime sinter process. The optimum conditions of sodalime sinter process are as follows: molar ratio of sodium oxide to alumina being 0.95~1.0, molar ratio of calcium oxide to silica being 1.8~2.0, roasting temperature being 1 200~1 250 ℃, leaching temperature being 75~85 ℃ and leaching time being 10~20 min. Under the above optimum conditions, the recovery of alumina is more than 86 %. It has remarkable economic and social benefits in comprehensive utilization of fly ash to produce white carbon black and alumina.
The tank-type bunker is the largest coal bunker in Asia currently. In this paper, the stability calculation and deformation analysis of excavation slope under different conditions are made, using the limit equilibrium method and the finite element method. The results indicate that the slope support requirements can not be met before reinforcement, and the place of stress concentration and maximum displacement is located at nook of diagonal corner and straight wall where is the reinforcement of key positions. Reinforcement was applied in the slope, by method of composite soil nail wall and bored piles+entry cupporting complex structures. The stability and deformation are satisfied with operational requirement, and the layout of reinforcement is suitable for the slope.