After 30 years of high speed development, China has entered into a key period of adjusting economic structure and changing the mode of development. This article analyses current problems in structures of GDP, distribution, industry, and energy, and the direction of adjustment. Based on the above analysis, it addresses the content and necessity of changing the mode of development, and five “adherences” in the changing. It points out that unhealthy economic growth is harmful to the future. The strategic opportunity period is in the first place for changing the mode of development. To change the mode of development must change the view on government work and improve its evaluating system. Lastly, it proposes several directions for changing the mode of development in engineering sector
Engineering is a human activity to construct and create artificial entity in a well-organized, planned and purposeful way by means of various resources and basic economic elements. Engineering is the direct productivity .Engineering is a dynamic system which is combined and integrated with related technology groups and a crop of basic economic elements under certain natural and social conditions. Technology integration system embodies the specified frame and dynamic operating ways formed by the dynamic and ordered integrating process of related but varied heterogeneous technology groups. This system must be allocated properly to and has a harmonious interaction with basic economic elements under certain natural and social conditions, such as resource, labor, land, capital, market and environment, and so on. They will form an engineering system and produce the specific and desired function and valued by being designed, constructed and operated. Engineering has the close relation but some difference with science, technology and industry. From the point of economy and its structure, engineering is the micro-unit, industry is the meso-unit, and industrial framework which is made of different industries is the macrounit. Engineering is evolving constantly. The engineering evolution propels forward the industrial development and the adjustments of industrial framework, even if the appearance of industrial revolution.
This article introduces the development progress and evolution tends of international transportation since the hundred odd years. Then related with the situation of domestic practice, on one hand, we should affirm our great achievements in the domain of transportation; on the other hand, we also indicate the problems existing at present. This article points out that in order to solve these problems, we must fulfil the scientific development concepts seriously, develop the integrated transportation system unflinchingly and prevent impulse in the construction of infrastructure blindly. At the same time, the author gives some political suggestions for development of integrated transportation system, including optimize the structure of transportation network, pay attention to the planning of transport pivot, enhance the construction level of integrated transport information, advance the system reform of transportation management, establish a unitary management organization for transportation profession, strengthening the legal system, formulating the complete policy and so on.
Studied on the law and interaction of Earth's hydrological cycle and social water circulation, it is pointed that the water environment, water resources and water cycle is the unity of water movement. The root of contemporary crisis is also analyzed. The strategy of water environment recovery and social water healthy cycle is proposed and applied in many cities, which has achieved good results.
The paper explores three important points and development strategies for realization of mining modernization. To control resources is the basic competitive power; constitution of mining-ecology engineering must be enforced for mining enterprises; information building would completely change the mine feature.
China oil and gas exploration and development history is the history of innovation. This period of history has made brilliant achievements. In this paper, we innovated eight oil and gas geological theory and eight technology, more than 500 oil and gas fields have been find. In 2010 an annual output of oil is 2.1×108 t, natural gas is 950×108 m3。From recent research and practice to think, Chinese oil and gas resources are very rich, have great potential for exploration. At last we put forward the oil gas resources development strategy.
According to precipitation use and irrigation degree, the research to the semi-dryland agriculture was conducted. The paper emphatically discussed the questions of implication related with the semi-dryland agriculture, expounded the significance of the water deficit areas of North China, and gave the semi-dryland agricultural limited supplemental irrigation technology mode. Bssed on the characteristics of the water deficit areas in North China, the model and tactics of developing semi-dryland agriculture limited supplemental irrigation in different type areas were put forward.
Based on collecting the data of utilization status of water resources and water-saving agricultural development in Henan Province, and considering the effects of engineering measures, agronomic practices and management measures etc., the water-saving potential in different hydrological years and a feasibility of implementing semi-arid agriculture in Henan Province were analyzed. Finally, the specific technical measures to develop semiarid agriculture in different subareas of Henan Province were put forward
Based on the analysis of status of water resources and achievement of agricultural water-saving development in Shandong Province, the feasibility of developing semi-arid agriculture was investigated with combination of the irrigation experimental results in national “863” project.
In 2005—2006, two experiments were carried out to study the effect of drought stress on photosynthate partitioning patterns of winter wheat, as well as ecophysiological responses of winter wheat to drought and rewatering, at the Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Jimai20 and Zhoumai18, two winter wheat cultivars differing in sensitivity to drought stress, were grown in the field under a retractable awning. In experiment, plants were subjected to severe drought stress at the reviving stage, and then rewatered respectively at the jointing stage (Wr1), the booting stage (Wr2) and the flowering stage (Wr3). Rewatering had compensatory effects on losses in winter wheat biomass induced by drought stress. Rewatering at the jointing stage had the greatest stimulating effect on biomass. Compensatory growth however did not lead to a full recovery of leaf area lost during the drought period. Rewatering at first suppressed root growth, and then stimulated it. Drought stress led to reduced photosynthate allocation in leaves and spikes, and increased photosynthate allocation in the stem, leaf sheaths and roots. Rewatering at the jointing stage, the booting stage and the flowering stage boosted photosynthate accumulation in leaves, the stem and grains respectively. Rewatering at all stages allowed full recovery of drought induced yield loss, by increasing number of spikelets at the jointing stage or 1 000 kernel weight at the booting and flowering stages.
With a large span in Geography and multiple climatic types, Gansu Province has complete types of dryland farming. Combining with traditional drought-resistance experience, micro field rain-collecting engineering, drought-resistance cultivation and farm machinery, Gansu has created many regional characteristics dryland farming technology in their long history of dryland farming practice and agricultural research activities. The traditional Gansu gravel mulching field, dryland wheat film bunch planting, and rain-colleting agriculture was reviewed in this article. The basic features, mechanism of crop drought-resistance and yield increase, and application situation ofthe whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting maize in catchment furrows, and soil over film-mulched and bunch-seeded wheat was introduced.
The present study was carried out to examine the effects of low and variable water conditions on plant biomass, root to shoot ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and spectral features in leaves of maize (Zea mays cv. Suyu 19) by pot experiment. The results showed that continuing drought led to an inhibition of plant growth, increase of root to shoot ratio, and inhibition of photosynthesis through stomatal and/or nonstomatal limitations. The mSR705, chlNDI and REP were also significantly reduced by continuing drought compared to the controls, whereas SIPI was unaffected. Under the low and variable water conditions, plant growth was inhibited, however, the root to shoot ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and spectral properties were similar to the controls. The results indicated that the maintenance of biomass allocation, photosynthesis and spectral reflectance might be an important mechanism for maize to adapt the low and variable water conditions.
In this paper, nanotechnology for the improvement of dental composite resins has been reviewed in the background of the existing shortcomings, focusing on the improvement for polymerization shrinkage, anti-bacterial properties and mechanical properties of composite resins. The results show that the use of nanotechnology and nano materials can be an effective method to improve the performance of dental composite resins in a various ways. At last, the paper also gives a future perspective of dental composite resins.
The internet of things (IoT) enabling things connects things, is very hot and provides technical support and development opportunities to China´s growing transportation industry. This paper puts forward the concept and structure of the intelligent transportation system(ITS) under IoT; discusses the difference and changes of traditional ITS with ITS under IoT; analysis of our country´s basic condition and the breakthrough focus to develop ITS under IoT; put forward our country´s development strategy of ITS under IoT. So as to promote China´s rapid development of intelligent transportation industry and IoT industry.
The newbuilt Luojing Port area in shanghai port is an integrative port which is a combination of iron ore, coal, steel and other bulk cargo, and it is the world´s first port which provides distribution and other value-added services for the large steel companies. The brand new parallel layout mode for combined port of transshipment hub and logistics has been developed in the plan and design of Luojing port area. Based on the traditional arrangement methods of public port, using the logistic concepts of just in time (JIT) and lean production (LP), the cargohandling technology and plane arrangement of port have been optimized, and the service level has been elevated, and the port service chain has been prolonged. The highly integration and synchronization of the logistics process has been achieved. The deep coast and land resources have been saved and energy consumption has been reduced.
In this study, a durability design theory system for engineering structures' whole life-cycle design is established. The new theory system is based on the relationships between performances, cost and service life of structures in the whole life time domain. The performance index, economic index and service life index are considered as key indexes in the whole system. Based on the established system, the limit state for durability design could be determined and the features of durability limit state are also analyzed. The proposed new durability design theory system could be used in structural performance optimization in whole life period and consequently results in the promotion of environment-friendly and resource conservation.
This paper presents a kind of high efficiency spreading spectrum modulation scheme using double orthogonal complex sequences (DoCS). In this scheme, input data bit-stream is split into many groups with length M. Each group is then mapped into a word of width M and then utilized to select one sequence from 2M-2 DoCS sequences each with length L. After that, the selected sequence is modulated on carrier in QPSK(quadrature phase shift keying) mode. In addition, a novel method named forward phase correction (FPC) is put forward for carrier recovery.